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Is kin selection theory or altruism more useful for explaining cooperative hunting in some lions? Explain your answer.
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- Consider the following argument: Altruistic behavior in groups of related individuals is most likely driven by kin selection since related individuals would share DNA. Which of the following pieces of evidence would be most likely to weaken this argument? Data showing that only distantly related individuals are most likely to perform altruistic behaviors in order to protect each other Data showing that food gifts are given more common among family members than between unrelated individuals in a group Data showing that individuals that share a higher percentage of DNA in a group tend to show the most altruistic behavior between themselves Data showing that the more frequent an allele of a gene occurs in a population, the more likely that population performs altruistic behaviorsEarlier explanations of altruistic behavior as a form of group selec-tion have been supplanted by Hamilton’s hypothesis of kin selection. What distinguishes kin selection and how does it accord with the no-tion of inclusive fitness, the relative number of an individual’s alleles that pass to the next generation?How does reciprocal altruism contrast with kin selection as an expla-nation of apparently altruistic behavior? What evidence from vam-pire bats supports reciprocal altruism?
- You document altruism in an animal species that you are studying: female zebras running at the back of the group, closest to the pursuing predator, as the group runs to escape a predator. Both kin selection and reciprocal altruism can explain this behavior. What piece of evidence would support the hypothesis that it's kin selection?Hamilton's Rule describes the relationship between cost and relationship in the evolution of altruistic behavior. Which of the following do not support Hamilton's rule: In colonies of Naked Mole Rates, only one female is reproductive. Cattle egrets sometimes kill their siblings. Wood mouse sperm will sacrifice themselves to assist a "sibling" sperm to fertilize an egg. O A Prairie Dog trills in response to an oncoming predator and is more likely to be eaten because it exhibits this behavior.How does group selection theory explain the altruistic behavior of animals and why is this explanation problematic for advocates of inclusive fitness theory?
- Herd behavior benefits wildebeests by: helping individuals find mates. decreasing the chance of spreading disease. allowing altruistic behavior. increasing the number of resources available.Much of animal behaviour theory is rooted in optimality, using this theory and thinking about territory size, construct a well-labeled graph below: sketch two lines (one for costs, one for benefits), with an asterisk (or symbol of your choosing) indicate the theoretical optimal territory size and in one sentence, explain why that particular territory size is optimal . Territory Size Costs/benefitsWhat is the best description of the original Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model? Nis prey, P is predator. a is rate of consumption, f is conversion of prey to predator, and q is the mortality rate of the predator. dP rN - aNP= = faNP - qP dt dt Type 1 functional response with density-dependent prey and density- independent predator Type 1 functional response with density-independent prey and density- independent predator Type 1 functional response with density-dependent prey and density-dependent predator Type 1 functional response with density-independent prey and density- dependent predator
- What form of competition was observed between members of lion pride? Explain how this type of competition may play a role in regulation lion population densitiesWhat is an example of co-option-- when a cooperative trait that originally served one function later came to serve a different cooperative function over evolutionarily time? There is no evidence that vampire bats hunt as cohesive coordinated group. Vampire bats help offspring, and then those offspring are more likely to help their own offspring. Dogs have traits for cooperating with dogs, but now these traits facilitate cooperation with humans. O Captive food sharing, grooming, and kinship predicted co-roosting and co-foraging after release into the wildSome bird species mate monogamously for life (i.e., individuals keep the same partner year after year). Other bird species are seasonally monogamous: they choose a new mate every year. Some bird species have what is called helpers-at-the-nest; these helpers are older offspring who stick around and assist their parents in taking care of babies born the next year. Kin selection would predict that you would find more instances of helpers-at-the-nest in the species that mate monogamously for life than in the seasonally monogamous species. Why? Be sure to address why they might still help in seasonally monogamous pairs.