In the metabolism of lipids, B-oxidation will yield (n/2) acetyl-CoA fragments from a C fatty acid. Fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are also metabolized by B-oxidation to acetyl-CoA fragments. However, the final fragment is a. propionyl-COA O b. succinyl-CoA O c. Oxaloacetate O d malonyl-COA O e glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Q: Malonyl-CoA synthesized by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase II is primarily used: a. To…
A: Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria and cannot leave mitochondria so it combines with…
Q: Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is _____ a) removed from the…
A: Introduction: The elimination of an amino acid's amine group is the first step in catabolizing, or…
Q: Acetly CoA can quickly enter the citric acid cyle by joining with a C4 compound and forming citrate.…
A: Citric acid cycle or Kreb 's cycle ---Citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle is a metabolic process…
Q: Which of the following reactions correspond to the decarboxylation step during ketone body…
A: Ketogenesis occurs continually in a healthy person, however it occurs at a faster rate under…
Q: Which of the following intermediates are shared by ketone body synthesis and cholesterol…
A: In the mitochondria when acetyl-CoA accumulates beyond its capacity to be oxidized or used for fatty…
Q: B-oxidation of a 15:0 fatty acid will result in the production of O 7 acetyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7…
A: The beta oxidiation occurs in a number of the small cycle steps. Each cycle gives 1 NADh , 1…
Q: Many components of the glycolytic pathway and the citricacid cycle are direct exit or entry points…
A: Note: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first three…
Q: Leucine and Ilysine are ketogenic amino acids. What does that mean for their metabolism? OA) These…
A: Ketogenic amino acids are the amino acid that can be directly degraded into ketone bodies and…
Q: During the process of synthesizing fatty acids, the b-hydroxyacyl ACP intermediate ___________.…
A:
Q: Match the fatty acid catabolism reaction to the enzyme responsible. Not all the reactions have to be…
A: In fatty acid catabolism, there are several enzymes involved which helps the cell to break down…
Q: β-oxidation is inhibited by A. high acetyl-CoA levels B. low malonyl-CoA levels C.…
A: Beta-oxidation is the process of fatty acid degradation to remove the fragments of carbon atoms…
Q: CO2 is released when A. creating a thioester bond between acetyl-CoA and acyl-carrier protein…
A: Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in the cytosol. Beta-oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.…
Q: Ketogenic amino acids may be metabolized to which compound?
A: Amino acids are the building blocks of the proteins which are made of amino group(NH2), carboxyl…
Q: Five coenzymes are required by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the citric acid cycle…
A: Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). This cycle occurs in…
Q: In the context of fatty acid oxidation to acetyl CoA, indicate whether each of the following…
A: The fatty acid oxidation occurs in the matric of mitochondria where the fatty acids get activated in…
Q: Consider docosanoic acid, C2,H43CO,H. a. Label the a and ß carbons. b. Draw the acyl COA derived…
A: Introduction: Docosanoic acid is a 22 carbon fatty acid.
Q: If your liver cells contained a mutation in ACC2 that rendered it constitutively inactive, what two…
A: ANS: ACC2 gene stands for acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. a. This enzyme is encoded by the ACACB gene and…
Q: Which of the below statements are FALSE? I: Cholesterol synthesis is regulated by covalent…
A: Cholesterol is a steroid that is a precursor of various steroid hormones. It can form Vitamin D in…
Q: High levels of acetyl-CoA could be an indication of excess A. Arg, Glu, Ile B. Lys, Tyr, Trp…
A: Amino acids are the compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid groups. These are monomers…
Q: Starting with acetyl-S-enzyme-1 and malonyl-CoA, how many molecules of acetyl- CoA are needed to…
A: Fatty acid synthesis is a process of creating fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH by fatty acid…
Q: Which of the following statement is NOT true? Select one: O a.cholesterol is amphipathic in nature O…
A: Cholesterol is an important fat, which involves maintaining body temperature through heat generation…
Q: In step 2 of the fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-S-synthase condenses the acetyl group (L2) with…
A:
Q: To enhance gluconeogenesis using acetyl COA from the oxidation of fatty acids, the normal TCA cycle…
A:
Q: Beta-Oxidation of a 15:14⁹ fatty acid will result in the production of which of the following? 7…
A: The given fatty acid is composed of 15 carbon and it has a single double bond present in it. It…
Q: Hexanoic acid is a 6-carbon saturated fatty acid found in goat's milk. Hexanoic acid also…
A: Fatty acids undergo degradation or beta-oxidation in the matrix of mitochondria inside the cell.…
Q: The conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA involves an oxidative decarboxylation. Correct the path of…
A: The conversion of pyruvate to acetylCoA is catalysed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase…
Q: state, which of the following occur(s)? a) insulin stimulation of malonyl CoA formatio
A: The fed state takes place after a meal when the body is starting to digest the food ingested and…
Q: Which of the following is incorrect about the conversion of acetyl-CoA (2 C) to malonyl- COA (3 C)?…
A: Acetyl CoA (2C) conversion to Malonyl CoA (3C) is the first step of fatty acid synthesis.
Q: Which of the below statements are FALSE? I: Cholesterol synthesis is regulated by covalent…
A: Cholesterol synthesis: The synthesis of cholesterol takes place in all tissues. The major sites of…
Q: Citrate is formed by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate, catalyzed by 5. (a) citrate…
A: The Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic potential that is used to measure the maximum amount of…
Q: Order the steps that results in a triacylglycerol containing two palmitic acids and one stearic…
A: The below steps are involved in fatty acid synthesis- two palmitic and one stearic acid containing…
Q: If you fed a mouse a diet made up of exclusively Leucine, the mouse would eventually: A、Undergo…
A: Asked : Mouse on leucine diet would eventually undergo what from given statements.
Q: The rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a. The reduction of the acetoacetyl group to a…
A: Fatty acids: Molecules consist of hydrocarbon chains and that terminate with a carboxylic acid…
Q: Humans do not undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acety COA yet carbons of acetyl COA can be…
A: Amino acids are vital for the nourishment of all organisms. They also play a crucial role in the…
Q: Explain why with complete examples: A- Partial carbocation formation B- Acetyl CoA has many fates
A: Partial carbocation: Carbocations are nothing but positively charged carbon atoms. Under normal…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a fate of acetyl-CoA in mammals? a. Is used to synthesize cholesterol…
A:
Q: Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids that comprise a long aliphatic chain. Fatty acids can either be…
Q: Which of the following statements about the ß-oxidation cycle is/are TRUE? A. The fatty acyl…
A: In the Beta-oxidation of fatty acid cycle, there are four steps involved : 1. First Oxidation -…
Q: In acetyl CoA, what type of bond is present between the acetyl group and coenzyme A? A.…
A: Acetyl CoA is a specific compound containing acetate bound to coenzyme A. It is very important…
Q: _______________ is an intermediate metabolite linkage between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. A.…
A: ATP is the chief molecule that provides energy when the high energy in the ATP molecules is removed…
Q: Mammals cannot undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl-CoA, but the carbons of acetyl-CoA…
A: Glucose is catabolized to generate ATP by respiration. The carbon chain in glucose is oxidized and…
Q: Although glucose cannot be formed from acetyl-CoA, triglycerides can enter the glycolytic pathway…
A: Introduction Fats (or triglycerides) are ingested as food or synthesised by adipocytes or…
Q: GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of ________. a. isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate b.…
A: A purine nucleoside triphosphate is guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP). During the transcription…
Q: If Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is used to catalyze the synthesis of malonyl-coA from acetyl-CoA and…
A: Palmitate is a saturated fatty acid made up of 16 carbons. It is synthesized from acetyl CoA by the…
Q: After three rounds of oxidation, the fatty acyl-CoA has been shortened by carbons due to the…
A: Oleic acid is an example of mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) as it has a cis double bond between…
Q: In Yeast, pyruvate can be directly converted into: A. acetyl-CoA and ethanol B. acetyl-CoA only C.…
A: Pyruvate is made from the glycolysis of glucose, glycolysis breaks glucose into two pyruvate.…
Q: Release of Acetyl CoA from the ketoacy| CoA is catalyzed by a. Hydratase b.Lipoprotein lipase c.…
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: (8) B-ketothiolase is a multifunctional enzyme in lipid catabolism. Which of the following is NOT…
A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one…
Q: Which of the following is NOT produced during the reactions of acetyl-CoA formation? (only one…
A: Acetyl-CoA can be generated in either of two ways, first is oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- The following reaction, the last reaction in beta-oxidation, is an example of a: Enzyme Enzyme-H S-CoA S-COA H2C H3C CoA s–CoA C H2 CH2 R S-COA S-COA S-COA O A. Nucleophilic acyl substitution O B. Electrophilic addition OC. Nucleophilic addition D. Aldol condensation O E. Hydrohalogenationv Hydroxy methyl glutaryl coA Match the following metabolites with the correct metabolic pathway v Propionyl-CoA A. Kreb's cycle v Dihydroxy acetone phosphate B. Soluble fiber fermenta v succinyl co-A C. Cholesterol synthesis v Hydroxy methyl glutaryl coA D. glycolysis v Hydroxy-butyrate E. Beta oxidationConsider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
- Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]Match the fatty acid catabolism reaction to the enzyme responsible. Not all the reactions have to be selected, and a reaction may be used more than once. AcylCoA dehydrogenase A. Hydrates double bond between C2 and C3 - Enoyl-CoA hydratase B. Attach acyl-CoA to carnitine - B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase C Catalyze double-bond relocation Thiolase D. Reduces hydroxyl group to ketone A3.A2 enoyl isomerase E. Oxidizes hydroxyl group to ketone v Methylmalonyl-COA mutase F. Catalyzes intramolecular arrangement G. Hydrates double bond between C2 and C3 - Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase v Carnitine acyltransferase H. Reduces acyl-COA L Activates a fatty acid for b-oxidation J. Generate acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA K. Removes acyl from camitine L. Oxidizes acyl-CoAWhich of the following is NOT part of the multi-enzyme complex of fatty acid synthase? O enoyl-ACP reductase O acetyl CoA carboxylase O 3-hydroxybutyrylACP-dehydratese O B-ketoacyl-ACP reductase
- The sources of the three (3) carbons in malonyl-Coa is/are: a. 1 C from C02 and 2 C from acetyl-CoA b. 1 C from HCO3- and 2 C from acetyl-CoA c. 1 C from biotin and 2 C from acetyl-CoA d. All three C from acetyl-CoAWhich one of the following will function to inhibit CPT1? A.palmitoyl-CoA B.citrate C propionyl-CoA D.acetyl-CoA E malonyl-CoAAcetly CoA can quickly enter the citric acid cyle by joining with a C4 compound and forming citrate. Meanwhile, GTP (or ATP) is generated using inorganic phosphate while succinyl CoA is converted to succinate. What is the main reason both acetly CoA and succinyl CoA can perform such work? a. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both contain coenzyme A, which is a high-energy compound. b. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both form an unstable thioester bond with coenzyme A. c. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both bind with inorganic phosphate which is used to generate ATP (or GTP). d. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both transiently form a covalent bond with the enzymes that catalyze the next reaction, pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase, respectively. e. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA use the energy collected from the electron transport chain.
- Step 2 of B-oxidation involves a reaction with chemistry characterized as a dehydration. B-Oxidation is shown below. H HO || || C-C-S – CoA FAD но R-CH2- C Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase H-C-C -S- CoA Acetyl-CoA Fatty acyl-CoA H FADH2 - CH2 - -c-S- CoA R- Thiolase Fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbons COA-SH H. он Successive cycles R-CH2-C-C- -C-S- CoA R– CH2 C=C-C-S-CoA H B-Ketoacyl-Co.A trans-A²Enoyl-CoA NADH + H* H,0 H H L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Enoyl-CoA hydratase R- CH,-c-c-C- S-CoA Но H NAD+ L-B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA True O FalseOrder the steps that results in a triacylglycerol containing two palmitic acids and one stearic acid. a. Diacylglycerol reacts with an fatty-acyl-CoA b. Phosphate is remove from phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol c. Two of the fatty acyl-CoAs react with glycerol-3-phosphate d. An elongase produce stearic acid e. Stearoyl-CoA is synthesized…What is X in the following biochemical pathway? RH NH₂+ A. R CH a-ketoglutarate CH3 coenzyme PLP coenzyme TPP aminotransferase decarboxylase D. glutamate R B. NH X R E. 0 R C. CH CO₂ I OH R. H H