In a healthy patient with normal kidney function, each day the kidney filters approx.150 - 180 L of blood and outputs 1 - 2 L of urine. Select one: True False
Q: Select the four types of substances that the kidney removes from blood. urea ions nutrients excess…
A: Each of our kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron…
Q: Which of the following is true regarding aldosterone and ADH? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) Aldosterone…
A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secrrted by the hypothalamus of the brain and is released into the…
Q: An increase in the reabsorption of solutes will decrease water reabsorption. True False
A: The procedure that removes solutes and water from the filtrate and returns them to your bloodstream…
Q: TRue or false Glucose goes through reabsorption in the distal convoulted tubule of a nephron. High…
A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs (about 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm) that are located against the back…
Q: Compare urinalysis data from a person with diabetes to data from a person without diabetes.
A: The urinalysis test is performed on the urine sample and the results from the urinalysis report are…
Q: Write the equation for the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP), and explain the meaning of…
A: Calculation for Net filtration pressure: NFP = GBPH -[CHP+BCOP] NFP= Net Filtration pressure. GBPH=…
Q: Explain how you will go about calculating the renal clearance in liters per hour PHARMACOLOGY…
A: Renal clearance is a parameter that measures the ability of the kidney to clear the plasma from a…
Q: blood, how will this affect their water retention (reabsorption) at the kidneys, blood volume, and…
A: Funtion of Kidney: 1. Removal of the waste products from the body. 2. It Removes the excess drugs…
Q: Is glucose always present in the urine of normal individuals? Explain your answer.
A: Urine contains water, nitrogenous waste such as urea, ammonia and inorganic salts. It is pale yellow…
Q: Which of the following would you do in order to increase the concentration of your urine? Select all…
A: The amount of urine you produce depends on many factors, such as the amount of liquid and food you…
Q: Please explain the differences among these three lines.' Comparison of effect of drinking 500 mL of…
A: Ans: Isotonic water: The isotonic water or solution shows a similar concentration of salts and…
Q: Which of the following should not enter the filtrate during urine formation? O red blood cells. O…
A: Answer- All of the above should not enter the filterate.
Q: Why is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to…
A: The main function of the nephrons of the Kidneys to form urine which is primarily made up of urea.…
Q: When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by a.) decreasing filtration rate and…
A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…
Q: Which of the following would you do in order to increase the concentration of your urine? Select all…
A: The nephron is a structural and functional tissue unit of the excretory system. There are about…
Q: Identify the two buffer systems in the tubular fluid that carry excess hydrogen ions into the urine…
A: The nephrons are microscopic structures and are the structural unit of the kidney that are…
Q: Select the incorrect statement 1.ANF promotes loss of Na+ thereby increasing urinary output 2.Drugs…
A: Given: Need to find the wrong statement from the given four statements.
Q: What is difference between dialysis and filtration? Give examples for both please.
A: Various processes occur in cells and fluids which involve exchange of ions and solutes. These…
Q: You quickly drink 1l strong beer (6% alcohol) with low Na + content. What will happen to your a)…
A: Urine is a liquid produced by metabolism in humans and animals. It flows from the kidneys through…
Q: A patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use…
A: GFR is an abbreviated form of Glomerular filtration rate. It is the rate of amount of fluid filtered…
Q: The drug Furosemide affects the body's water equilibrium by inhibiting the membrane proteins that…
A: There is a Presence of the Na¹+ - 2Cl¹- transpoter across the membrane of the ascending limb. This…
Q: Since the uric acid concentration is determined as 0.0028 g/dL, how many times is the absorbance of…
A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that primarily function in glomerular filtration. The nephrons…
Q: in a healthy adult which of the following will pass through the filtration membrane and become part…
A: There are different organ systems present in the human body. The excretory system is one of the…
Q: The filtration units in the human kidney are known as .
A: The excretory system of human consist of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and one…
Q: Answer the following questions: a. Is glucose normally present in urine? In what condition can it be…
A: Glucose is a monosaccharide (Aldohexose sugar).
Q: Fred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer. His liver is no longer able to make the…
A: Glomerulus is the small capillaries which carries blood to bowman capsule.
Q: Domingo is hypertensive and was recently diagnosed with impaired kidney function based on urinalysis…
A: Another name for high blood pressure is known as Hypertension. This disease can lead to severe…
Q: Harry is doing yard work one hot summer day and refuses to drink anything until he is finished. He…
A: Sweat is secreted by sweat glands. Sweating is a mechanism used by the human body to regulate body…
Q: The kidneys are surrounded by a protective capsule which is composed of
A: The pair of bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity, that are responsible for production…
Q: Urine Volume Cases Urine Concentration Dehydration Increases Decreases Exercise Increases Decreases…
A: Given: Diabetes is referred as a chronic health condition that affects the body consumption of food…
Q: Assuming that he drinks enough water to replace all the water he lost as sweat, how does this much…
A: Loss of excess fluids from the body leads to a condition called dehydration. There are different…
Q: ich of the following urine osmolarities reflects a period of decreased ADH secretion? 301 mOm/L 201…
A: When the body's osmolality rises, the body produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone…
Q: In the lumen of the nephron, a weak base is reabsorbed if the pH is high A-True B-False
A: if pH is high it means H+ concentration is low and to compensate that a base need to be reabsorbed…
Q: water movement in and out cells is due mainly to fluctuation of the na+ and k+ ion concentrations
A: The water moves in and out of the cell, to maintain the osmotic pressure via osmoregulation. The…
Q: How does ANP control kidney function? Please include all outlined factors in explanation
A: Atrial natriuretic peptide or ANP is a hormone which helps in restoring the atrial pressure is the…
Q: Calculate the patient’s output during your 12-hour shift in oz. 600 cc of urine at 0700 2 oz of…
A: The output of a patient is calculated by adding in all the sources of fluid loss for the shift and…
Q: How much of the fluid filtered in the glomerulus is NOT reabsorbed from the nephron and collecting…
A: Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney . It composed of a renal corpuscle and a…
Q: Which of the following rows identifies the role of the descending tubule and ascending tubule of the…
A: Nephron is the function sub unit of kidney. It is responsible for making urine. It consists of…
Q: Give the 4 factors affecting the urine volume in physiological system. Explain how each factor…
A: The formation of urine is a blood cleansing function. It is an essential filtration of blood to…
Q: If Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 125 mL/min, how much GF will be produced in a day? 180,000…
A: Glomerular filtrate is the fluid obtained after filtration of the blood in the glomerulus or…
Q: In healthy adult ,the initial filtrate in kidney is about what?
A: Kidney is the excretory organ that removes waste products and excessive water from the body through…
Q: Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid. A. True B. False
A: Electrolytes are substances that splits into positively charged cations and negatively charged…
Q: In a canine expt, a dog’s filtered load of sodium (Na+) in an isolated pump-perfused kidney is found…
A: A normal man's kidneys filter roughly 24,000 meq sodium per day, reabsorb about 23,900, and can vary…
Q: During countercurrent multiplication which of the following does NOT occur Group of answer choices…
A: COUNTER CURRENT MECHANISM This theory was given by Berliner et.al in 1958. It helps to produce…
Q: Use the following information to answer the next question. Patient Glucose in Urine (mmol/L) Urine…
A: Diabetes is a rare disorder characterized by the excretion of a large volume of urine. This disorder…
Q: Please explain why fluid intake can decrease urine specific density
A: Urine-specific gravity is a measure of urine concentration that is affected by several factors. It…
In a healthy patient with normal kidney function, each day the kidney filters approx.150 - 180 L of blood and outputs 1 - 2 L of urine.
Select one:
True
False
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A 65-kg man is participating in a research study for which it is necessary to know the volumes of his body fluid compartments. To measure these volumes, the man is injected with 100 mCi (millicurie) of H20 and 500 mg of mannitol. During a 2-hour equilibration period, he excretes 10% of the H,0 and 10% of the mannitol in his urine. Following equilibration, the concentration of H,0 in plasma is 0.213 mCi/100 mL and the concentration of mannitol is 3.2 mg/100 mL. What is his total body water, his ECF volume, and his ICF volume? Is the man's total body water appropriate for his weight?A two-month old child was admitted to hospital after failure to thrive. The “boy”, whose external genitalia were ambiguous, was found to have elevated blood pressure, but no dehydration. The following measurements were made on a plasma sample taken on admission: Variable Result Reference Range Urea (mM) 6.2 2.5 - 7.0 Creatinine (μ�M) 95 60 - 120 Glucose (mM) 4.3 3.5 - 5.5. (fasting) Na+ (mM) 170 134 -147 K+ (mM) 2.8 3.5 - 5.0 11 -deoxycortisol (nM) 57 <10 Deoxycorticosterone (nM) 1.3 <0.4 Cortisol (nM) 22 138 - 690 Testosterone (nM) 7.4 0.5 -3.2 (adult female) 5 - 40 (adult male) The concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and ∆4-androstenedione were also increased above the reference range. A chromosome analysis showed that the child was a genotypic female (46, XX karyotype). A consultant obstetrician initially diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia, however they were confused by the…A 65-kg man is participating in a research study for which it is necessary to know the volumes of his body fluid compartments. To measure these volumes, the man is injected with 100 mci (millicurie) of H0 and 500 mg of mannitol. During a 2-hour equilibration period, he excretes 10% of the H,0 and 10% of the mannitol in his urine. Following equilibration, the concentration of H,0 in plasma is 0.213 mCi/100 ml and the concentration of mannitol is 3.2 mg/100 mL. • What is his total body water, his ECF volume, and his ICF volume? is the man's total body water appropriate for his weight?
- You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year-old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples: Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L What is the net renal tubular secretion rate of potassium in the patient described in question? Group of answer choices .280 mmol/min .140 mmol/min .060 mmol/min .030 mmol/minA child who weighs 9 kg is prescribed nitrofurantoin at a dose of 1 mg/kg at night for prophylaxis against recurrent urinary-tract infections. How many mL of nitrofurantoin suspension 25 mg/5 mL should this child be given for each dose? Give your answer to one decimal place.The steroid nandrolone, which is found naturally in horses, is administered to racing horses to aid in recovery. Because it is an anabolic steroid, nandrolone levels in excess of normal background levels disqualify a horse from racing. For example, to race in the Kentucky Derby, a gelding (a castrated male horse) may have no more than 1 ng/mL in the urine, whereas an unaltered male horse may have no more than 45 ng/mL of the metabolite estrane-3,17-diol in the urine. Knowing that nandrolone is an anabolic steroid, which hormone would you expect it to closely resemble? (testosterone cortisol O progesterone O epinephrine antidiuretic hormone During metabolism, carbon 3 and carbon 4 of nandrolone are reduced, forming the metabolite estrane-3,17-diol. Modify nandrolone to give estrane-3,17-diol. Select Draw Rings More Erase S с O 0 H ✪ ا قد 2 o
- A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal? Group of answer choices Increased NH4+ excretion Decreased NH4+ excretion No change in NH4+ excretion none of the aboveIf a patient collects a 24 hour urine specimen with a volume of 1500 mL, and the patient's serum Creatinine is 5 mg/dl, and the urine creatinine is 100 mg/dl, then what is the creatinine clearance in ml/min?A uremic patient has a urine output of 1.8 L/24 h and an average creatinine concentration of 2.2 mg/dL. What is the creatinine clearance? How would you adjust the dose of a drug normally given at 20 mg/kg every 6 hours in this patient (assume the urine creatinine concentration is 0.1 mg/mL and creatinine clearance is 100 mL/min)?
- A creatinine clearance is done on a patient with the following results: serum creatinine, 0.6 mg/dL; urine creatinine, 102 mg/dL; urine volume, 1650 mL/24 hours; body surface area, 1.93 m2. Based on the information from calculations above, which of the following is the best interpretation of this patient's creatinine clearance results? 1) Within the normal range 2) Above normal, probably because the 24-hr urine collection was not completed correctly 3) Above normal 4) Below normal no references, just homeworkwhich blood pH would cause the kidneys specifically the collecting ducts to excrete bicarbonate (HCO3-) into the blood? note: this works through the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system. Basic, acidic, or neutral.Beans the 21kg Pit Bull needs to be put on IV fluids STAT! He is now 3% dehydrated and had 25ml of diarrhea. Calculate his fluid needs step by step using the standard 50 ml/kg/day. Calculate MR for 24 hours= Calculate HD for 24 hours= What is his CL for 24 hours= Put it all together to give me rate per hour- number. Round to the nearest whole On a standard 15 gtt/ml drip set what is his drip rate in seconds= gtt/?sec) (write as ?
