In a canine expt, a dog’s filtered load of sodium (Na+) in an isolated pump-perfused kidney is found to be 15mmol/min. How much Na+would you predict remains in the tubule at the end of the proximal tubule? Explain your reasoning.
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- A 28-year-old man has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 140 mg/dL and a glomerular filtration rate of 125 ml/min. The renal transport maximum for glucose in this patient is 300 mg/min. Which of the following best represents the rate of urinary glucose excretion (in mg/min) in this man? (A) 0 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 300 (E) 400Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where the action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is inhibited. If normal urine concentration is 300 mOsm/L, what would you expect the urine concentration to be of a patient with DI?You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year-old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples: Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L What is the net renal tubular secretion rate of potassium in the patient described in question? Group of answer choices .280 mmol/min .140 mmol/min .060 mmol/min .030 mmol/min
- Given: A patient’s GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is 125 ml/min, and his urine is produced at a rate of 1.25 ml/min. (A) By what factor is the inulin concentrate in his urine. (B) The concentration of glucose in his plasma is 5 mmol/l. His renal reabsorption of glucose is completely inhibited. What would be the concentration of glucose in his urine? (answer parts a and b)A 65-kg man is participating in a research study for which it is necessary to know the volumes of his body fluid compartments. To measure these volumes, the man is injected with 100 mci (millicurie) of H0 and 500 mg of mannitol. During a 2-hour equilibration period, he excretes 10% of the H,0 and 10% of the mannitol in his urine. Following equilibration, the concentration of H,0 in plasma is 0.213 mCi/100 ml and the concentration of mannitol is 3.2 mg/100 mL. • What is his total body water, his ECF volume, and his ICF volume? is the man's total body water appropriate for his weight?A 65-kg man is participating in a research study for which it is necessary to know the volumes of his body fluid compartments. To measure these volumes, the man is injected with 100 mCi (millicurie) of H20 and 500 mg of mannitol. During a 2-hour equilibration period, he excretes 10% of the H,0 and 10% of the mannitol in his urine. Following equilibration, the concentration of H,0 in plasma is 0.213 mCi/100 mL and the concentration of mannitol is 3.2 mg/100 mL. What is his total body water, his ECF volume, and his ICF volume? Is the man's total body water appropriate for his weight?
- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide helps to reduce overall blood pressure in a variety of ways. One way is by increasing Glomerular Filtration Rate. a. Why/how would increasing GFR cause decreased blood pressure? b. To increase GFR, would Atrial Natriuretic Peptide cause constriction or dilation of afferent arterioles at the kidneys? The efferent arterioles?The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.Drugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.
- Given the following volumes, calculate the Net Filtration: BP=30 mmHg, IF Osm Pressure=1 mmHg, Blood colloid osm pressure=22 mmHg, IF hydrostatic pressure=0 mmHgAll of the following are true about glucose recovery from the tubule fluid, except (choose the incorrect statement): A. All filtered glucose is released in the PCT unless plasma glucose abnormally high B. It is reabsorbed by coupling with Na+ recovery via a sodium glucose cotransporter C. Glucose recovery is made possible by low intracellular Na+ concentrations created by the NaK pump D. The CD recovers any glucose that is not reabsorbed by the PCT nephron loop and DCT this is not and will not be gradedOne model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?