Explain the ABO blood system as an example of multiple alleles and codominance; be sure to discuss blood phenotype as an expression of surface proteins, “markers” on the red blood cells
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Explain the ABO blood system as an example of multiple alleles and codominance; be sure to discuss blood
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- Basha: A blood type, blue eye color, normal skin condition, carrier of cystic fibrosis gene, and carrier of hemophilia gene Popoy: B blood type, has brown eye color, normal skin condition, carrier of cystic fibrosis gene and negative to hemophilia. Clues for the table: • Blood Type: The probability that they’ll have an offspring with blood type the same as Popoy is 25% only • Eye Color: The probability that they’ll have an offspring with brown eye color is 75%. • Skin condition: The probability that their offspring will be an albino is 25% What is the probability that the offspring will have/ be: A. a girl with all the same phenotype as her mother. B. 2 girls with neither the blood type of the parents. C. 2 boys with normal skin color and carrier of cystic fibrosis gene; 1 girl with normal skin color and negative to cystic fibrosis. D. 2 girls carrier of both cystic fibrosis gene and hemophilia, a boy † positive to both cystic fibrosis and hemophilia, a boy negative to both cystic…Basha: A blood type, blue eye color, normal skin condition, carrier of cystic fibrosis gene, and carrier of hemophilia gene Popoy: B blood type, has brown eye color, normal skin condition, carrier of cystic fibrosis gene and negative to hemophilia. Clues for the table: • Blood Type: The probability that they’ll have an offspring with blood type the same as Popoy is 25% only • Eye Color: The probability that they’ll have an offspring with brown eye color is 75%. • Skin condition: The probability that their offspring will be an albino is 25%. What is the probability that the offspring will have/ be: A. a girl with all the same phenotype as her mother. B. 2 girls with neither the blood type of the parents.In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Males will either have the disease or not (but they won’t ever be carriers). X H X H = female, non-hemophilic X H X h = female, carrier X h X h = female, hemophilia X H Y = male, non-hemophilic X h Y= male, hemophiliac a.) Show the cross of a man who has hemophilia with a woman who is a carrier. What is the probability that their children will have the disease? b.) A woman who is a carrier marries a non-hemophilic man. Show the cross. What is the probability that their children will have hemophilia? What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be? c.) A woman who has hemophilia marries a non-hemophilic man. How many of their children will have hemophilia, and what is their sex?
- Describe how the Bombay phenotype is epistatic to the ABO blood phenotype in humans, and discuss some implications of this phenotype in blood typing and blood donation.Introduction: A person’s blood type is an inherited trait governing special marker proteins appear-ing on the surface of their red blood cells. Blood typing is important, because it governs who anindividual can give or receive blood donations from; blood with proteins markers not present in theirown blood will be rejected by an individual’s immune system.There are two separate genes that govern blood type; the ABO gene has two dominant options, Aand B, and a recessive option called O. For example, an individual with AO or AA would presentthe A protein, and an individual with AB will present both the A and B proteins on their blood;an individual with OO has no proteins from this gene. The Rh gene has two options; the dominantoption is called positive (or + for short), while the recessive option is called negative or null (or –for short). For example, an individual with ++ or +– would present the Rh protein on their blood,while an individual with – – would not present the Rh…Introduction: A person’s blood type is an inherited trait governing special marker proteins appear-ing on the surface of their red blood cells. Blood typing is important, because it governs who anindividual can give or receive blood donations from; blood with proteins markers not present in theirown blood will be rejected by an individual’s immune system.There are two separate genes that govern blood type; the ABO gene has two dominant options, Aand B, and a recessive option called O. For example, an individual with AO or AA would presentthe A protein, and an individual with AB will present both the A and B proteins on their blood;an individual with OO has no proteins from this gene. The Rh gene has two options; the dominantoption is called positive (or + for short), while the recessive option is called negative or null (or –for short). For example, an individual with ++ or +– would present the Rh protein on their blood,while an individual with – – would not present the Rh…
- Blood Types Background: The most common blood type classification system is the A-B-O system discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s. There are four blood types in the ABO system: A, B, AB, and O. Everybody inherits their blood type from their parents. You receive one gene from your mother and one from your father, which combine to make your blood genotype. The genes determine your blood type by causing surface proteins (called agglutinogens) to exist on the surface of your red blood cells. Look at the following diagram. The ABO Blood System Blood Type (genotype) Туре А (AA, AO) Туре В (В8, во) Туре АB (AB) Туре 0 (00) Red Blood Cell Surface Proteins (phenotype) A aggiutinogens only Bagglutinogens onlyA and B agglutinogens No agglutinogens There are three different alleles: O, A, and B. If you inherit an O allele it makes no surface protein, an A allele makes an "A" protein, and a B allele makes a "B" protein. The A and B alleles are co-dominant (meaning both are dominant),…BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in the gene for hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Individuals who are homozygous for the sickle cell trait often cannot endure exercise. Individuals who are heterozygous for the trait can have sickle cell attacks under extreme conditions. Normal individuals (genotype: Hbnorm Hbnorm ) have only normal hemoglobin. Homozygous sickle cell individuals (genotype: Hbsc Hbsc ) 'have only sickle cell hemoglobin. Heterozygous individuals (genotype: Hbnorm Hbsc ) have both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin. terry Smith collapsed while running a race for his track team. A doctor said he had a sickle cell attack. Genetic tests were run on several family members. The test results are shown below. An X indicates that form of hemoglobin in red blood cells. PROBLEM: How can you determine the genotypes of people in a family? Subject Normal Hemoglobin Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Jerry Jerry's brother Jerry's younger…Explain the differences between an individual homozygous for the sickle hemoglobin allele (HbS/HbS) and one who is heterozygous (HbA/HbS). Consider the hemoglobin molecule, cells, and disease.
- Hemophilia is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. A non-hemophilic man marries a non-hemophilic woman whose father had hemophilia. With respect to this information, indicate all possible genotypes their children could possibly have. Show ALL work using punnett squares.what does a blood typing concept map look like with 10 words or phrases?Astigmatism and polydactyly are dominant over normal vision and finger traits. Sickle-cell anemia on the other hand, is an overdominant lethal trait due to its recessive genes (ss). Individuals with this trait die prematurely. Heterozygotes (Ss), however, have some RBCs that sickle while others remain normal, thus, not lethal. They are referred to as sickle-trait carriers. A polydactylous, normal-visioned, brown-eyed man with wavy hair has a nonpolydactylous, blue-eyed mother. He proposed marriage to a nonpolydactylous, astigmatic, blue-eyed, and curly-haired lady whose mother has normal vision. However, the lady is worried about the proposal since sickle-cell anemia has been known to run in both their families. Is there a genetic basis for her worry? Explain.