CIIVII Oent. Clean rolesT Phenotype Frequency Allele Frequency Genotype Frequency Environment: Polluted Forest Moths Released G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Typica 250 125 88 83 76 29 Carbonaria 750 510 735 885 1042 1406 Total 1000 635 823 968 1118 1435 Phenotype Frequency Typica Carbonaria Allele Frequency q P Allele d D Genotype Frequency Color Light Dark Initial Frequency 0.25 0.75 Frequency G5 Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency 0.50 0.50 X

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.