As the data packet moves from lower levels to higher ones, the headers are added at the appropriate times; but, how does this process work?
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As the data packet moves from lower levels to higher ones, the headers are added at the appropriate times; but, how does this process work?
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- A technique for identifying and correcting errors in received data at different layers of a protocol stack is described below.How does it operate that the headers are appended when the data packet is passed from lower to upper levels?The TCP/IP abstraction stack consists of four layers, each of which should be explained.
- In term of encapsulation, please explain how a message from Source can be transmitted toDestination. Please explain what happen in each layerLet's imagine, for the sake of illustration, that a packet is now being sent from one site to another along a predetermined route. The following is a list of the components that make up the delay: Which of these delays is an ongoing problem, and which of them is sporadic in nature?For NAT Network Address Translation Scenario: Jenny Bello is a small business owner selling and making customized computer peripherals. She has been finding it difficult to track her sales and inventories, however recently after an expert's advice, she adopted a Point of Sale (PoS) server. So, she can now track her sales and inventories at the store. However, she ran into another issue, the server can only be accessed within the store, because it has been assigned a private IPv4 address, it is not publicly accessible via the Internet. a) Why is not having the PoS server accessible over the Internet a problem for the business? b) What caused this problem? c) Propose a solution for the problem and explain how the solution works.
- Two considerations drive the use of layered protocols.When designing Elementary data connection protocols, what kind of assumptions were made?Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like TCP). This protocol will run over a 50-Mbps network, the RTT of the network is 80 ms and the maximum segment lifetime is 60 seconds. How many bits would you include in the Advertised Window and Sequence Num fields of your protocol header?
- In transport layer protocols, acknowledgements are one of the techniques available (such as the RDT 2.0 protocol that we covered before). Is it possible for an acknowledgement to be contaminated in some way? So, what is the process in place to deal with this situation?We previously said that a programme should utilise UDP as its transport layer protocol because UDP allows for more control over when data is provided to a section and when it is not (the TCP).A. Why does the programme have greater control over which data is sent into a segment than the user?It's important to employ layered protocols for two key reasons.