A. DNA viruses generally cause malignancy by : inserting themselves in the host DNA, possible because their genome is similar to that of the host activating a cellular growth factor receptor, that activates the signal transduction pathway. inactivating a tumor suppressor gene, that results in uncontrolled proliferation. B. PDGF is overexpressed in certain cancers. This is an example of a mutation in the --- region a. regulatory b. coding

A. DNA viruses generally cause malignancy by : inserting themselves in the host DNA, possible because their genome is similar to that of the host activating a cellular growth factor receptor, that activates the signal transduction pathway. inactivating a tumor suppressor gene, that results in uncontrolled proliferation. B. PDGF is overexpressed in certain cancers. This is an example of a mutation in the --- region a. regulatory b. coding

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13QP: The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection In cystic fibrosis gene...

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Retroviruses can cause cancer, along with some viruses with DNA genomes. For example, herpes papillomavirus causes cervical cancer. The HPV genome encodes a protein called E6 that interferes with p53 function, and another protein called E7 that inhibits the function of Rb protein. Explain how HPV causes cancer. Are the viral E6 and E7 protein functions more similar to oncogenes or tumor suppressors?
Which of the following statements are correct about viruses and cancer (select all that appy)? A. Cancer viruses may have DNA genomes B. A virus must have an oncogene to cause cancer C. Cancer viruses may have RNA genomes D. A virus must integrate its genome into the host cell genome to cause transformation of a cell E. At least 80% of known cancers are caused by viruses
of malaria e. More than one answer is correct During the transcription of a given portion of a DNA molecule Select one: a. MRNA is synthesized on only one of the chains b. any of the patterns may be found c. half of the MRNA is synthesized on half of one chain; then the other half of the MRNA is made on the other half of the DNA d. MRNA is synthesized on both chains of the DNA molecule, but first on one side and then the other e. MRNA is synthesized on both chains of the DNA molecule at once The nucleotides CTA were paired with the nucleotides GAU by a cell that carried out its daily activities. This pairing occurred Select one: a. when an mRNA codon paired with a TRNA anticodon b. It is impossible to say, given this information C. during transcription
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19. Tumor suppressor genes/Oncogenes: Describe how viruses can lead to cancer formation in animal hosts. In your response, describe the terms tumor suppressor gene, proto-oncogene, and oncogene. Use HPV as an example of how different types of tumors may develop and why it may be advantageous to a virus to interfere with proto- oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.
7) The protein VEGF plays an important role in stimulating the formation of new blood vessels. In some circumstances, cancer cells will produce too much VEGF. The drug PTC299 is currently being researched as a potential anti-cancer drug. It works by binding to VEGF mRNA, stopping this mRNA from being read by the ribosome. Therefore, not as much VEGF protein is produced. (National Cancer Institute. nd. NCI Drug Dictionary. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug/def/vegf-inhibitor-ptc299) a) If approved, what kind of cancer treatment would it be considered (radiotherapy, gene therapy. anti-angiogenesis)? b) Briefly explain why you think PTC299 fits the kind of cancer treatment you indicated in a). Use information from the text to support your answer. c) Would PTC299 be considered a traditional or a targeted therapy?
A patient comes into your clinic exhibiting generic cancer symptoms. In order to help form a diagnosis, you ask about patient history and they tell you that they worked for years in an agricultural job, primarily in handling food for large bovine animals and then later working with insect pesticide treatment of grain fields. You decide to test for elevated levels of the environmental agent(s) in their body and focus your cancer diagnosis on based on the established associations of epigentic effects and cancer. O nickel and cadmium; stomach and skin cancer O benzene; breast, prostate and thyroid cancer O polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene; lung, breast, stomach and skin cancer O arsenic and endocrine disruptors; skin, bladder, liver and kidney cancer
39. HIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma by a. causing the cells to express exogenous surface cell markers b. activating genes for the expression of endogenous surface cell markers c. inactivating the patient’s tumor suppressing genes d. inactivating contact inhibition in the cell e. inactivating cellular adherence
The drug pump activity of Cancer stem cells can be explained by the overexpression of: a. Mdr1 b. Muc2 c. MMR d. CYPs
A. Which genes could be used to monitor the process of the disease? B. If you worked for a drug company developing a treatment for the cancer, which genes would you target to turn on in cancer cells? C. Which genes would you target to turn off in cancer cells?
Retroviruses such as HIV, Herpesviruses, and Hepatitis B can be effectively inhibited by _____. Mark all that apply: A. inhibition of cell wall synthesis B. inhibition of ergosterol C. disruption of the ETS in infected cells D. nucleoside analogs such as acyclovir
The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection In cystic fibrosis gene therapy, scientists propose the use of viral vectors to deliver normal genes to cells in the lungs. What immunological risks are involved in this procedure?