6. Consider a scenario in which allele A2 is recessive and it decreases fitness (i.e. it is deleterious). What is the ratio of the frequency of the deleterious recessive homozygote in an inbred versus a non-inbred (i.e. random mating) population if the frequency of the deleterious allele is q = 104 and f= 0.01?
6. Consider a scenario in which allele A2 is recessive and it decreases fitness (i.e. it is deleterious). What is the ratio of the frequency of the deleterious recessive homozygote in an inbred versus a non-inbred (i.e. random mating) population if the frequency of the deleterious allele is q = 104 and f= 0.01?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:6. Consider a scenario in which allele A2 is recessive and it decreases fitness (i.e. it is deleterious). What
is the ratio of the frequency of the deleterious recessive homozygote in an inbred versus a non-inbred
(i.e. random mating) population if the frequency of the deleterious allele is q = 104 and f=0.01?
7. This question will not be marked but I strongly encourage to you to do it nevertheless. It uses a
simulation of genetic drift that may help your conceptual understanding of the process.
Download and install Populus (http://cbs.umn.edu/populus/download-populus). See here if you have
problems installing or running it (https://cbs.umn.edu/populus/contact). Press the Model button and
select Mendelian Genetics, then Genetic Drift. Select the Monte Carlo tab. This is a simulation
method used to implement a Fisher-Wright model of drift. (You can read the model background in the
Populus help document if you're interested.) The initial dialog has values for run time (i.e. # of
generations), population size, number of loci, a switch to set initial frequencies collectively or
individually for each locus, and a switch to permit selfing or not.
a) Run simulations using the parameter value sets given in the table below and tabulate the
spaces provided. Set generation time to 600 (it auto-adjusts this if all alleles fix earlier). Set allele
frequencies at the 6 loci collectively (i.e. the value in the initial frequency box will apply to all 6 loci).
Do not allow selfing. Press the green double-arrow View button to see the results graph. For a given set
ılts in the
Transcribed Image Text:of parameters (i.e. one row below), run the simulation at least three times to get an idea of how
much each run can differ (the model can be rerun by clicking the blue arrow Iterate button in the results
window). You can zoom by right-clicking on the plot; to zoom out choose 'Options -> reset graph'.
Enter the value from each of the three replicate runs in each cell, separated by commas as shown in the
first example row below.
Initial freq.
Роp.
size (N) of A (i.e. pa)
Time (gen) of 1st Time (gen) of
1st loss of Ab
1,7,13
# loci fixed # loci
# loci
fixed for a segregating fixation of A
0,0,0
for A
10
0.2
1,1,0
5,5,6
20,43,NA
10
0.2
10
0.5
10
0.8
100
0.2
100
0.5
100
0.8
500
0.2
500
0.5
500
0.8
aThe time (in generations) at which the 1st fixation event of A occurs, if one occurs. If not, enter 'NA'.
'The time (in gen.) for the first loss of A, if applicable. If not, enter 'NA'.
b) What does each line on the graphs represent?
c) What is the relationship between population size and amount of time to fixation or loss based on your
data?
d) How does initial allele frequency affect time to fixation or loss?
e) Why do the results of various runs for the SAME set of conditions differ?
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