3. MyoD is a transcriptional activator that turns on the expression of several muscle specific genes in human cells The Id gene represses the function of MyoD. There are 2 possibilities: 1. Id protein directly represses the expression of these muscle specific genes. 2. Id inhibits muscle specific genes indirectly by preventing MyoD's function. If you knew Id's protein sequence, how can you figure out if explanation 1 or 2 is true?

3. MyoD is a transcriptional activator that turns on the expression of several muscle specific genes in human cells The Id gene represses the function of MyoD. There are 2 possibilities: 1. Id protein directly represses the expression of these muscle specific genes. 2. Id inhibits muscle specific genes indirectly by preventing MyoD's function. If you knew Id's protein sequence, how can you figure out if explanation 1 or 2 is true?

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter10: Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3DID

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4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3’ 3'...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5’ promoter i. Mutant A has a single base pair substitution with the T/A being replaced with C/G base pair at position 35 (position denoted by the * in the sequence above). ii. Mutant B has a 2 G/C pairs inserted between position 19 and 20 (position denoted by the ^ in the sequence above).
The diagram shown represents the coding strand of the myosin gene. Mutations in myosin can lead to muscle defects during development. Using what you know about how mutations can affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, match the results shown on the Northern (mature mRNA) to the mutations shown. The N lane shows the size and amount expected for non-mutated myosin mRNA. All samples were loaded at the top (-) side of the gel. Part 1. Which lane or lanes on the gel could be the result of mutation A? --4 ТАТАА AUG UAA Only known regulatory region TSS Mutation B: Mutation C. A: 5-base 20 nucleotides 3 nucleotides deletion deleted changed N 1 2 3 4 5
The diagram shown represents the coding strand of the myosin gene. Mutations in myosin can lead to muscle defects during development. Using what you know about how mutations can affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, match the results shown on the Northern (mature mRNA) to the mutations shown. The N lane shows the size and amount expected for non-mutated myosin mRNA. All samples were loaded at the top (-) side of the gel. Part 1. Which lane or lanes on the gel could be the result of mutation A? 00000 I lane 1 lane 2 lane 3 lane 4 lane 5 TATAA Mutation A. Deletion of indicated 2 nucleotides AUG TSS Mutation B. Deletion of 150 nucleotides N 1 2 3 4 5 UAA Mutation C. 3 nucleotides changed
The diagram shown represents the coding strand of the myosin gene. Mutations in myosin can lead to muscle defects during development. Using what you know about how mutations can affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, match the results shown on the Northern (mature mRNA) to the mutations shown. The N lane shows the size and amount expected for non-mutated myosin mRNA. All samples were loaded at the top (-) side of the gel. Part 1. Which lane or lanes on the gel could be the result of mutation A? ТАТА AUG UAA Only known regulatory region TSS Mutation B: Mutation C. 3 nucleotides 20 nucleotides deleted A: 5-base deletion changed 1 2 4 5 lane 1 lane 2 lane 3 lane 4 lane 5 OOO0O
1. Using the data available Using the data available on Moodle describe the phenotype that you observe when each of these three genes is knocked down using RNAi. Remember to compare the worms on control RNAi plates with worms on each of the RNAi knockdown plates. In each case state how do these phenotypes relate to the function of the gene. describe the phenotype that you observe when each of these three genes is knocked down using RNAi. Remember to compare the worms on control RNAi plates with worms on each of the RNAi knockdown plates. In each case state how do these phenotypes relate to the function of the gene. 2. Describe further experiments that you could do that would confirm your findings.
1. The following image shows a mechanism in which gene expression activity is regulated by ligand. Arg RS-2 Teu Met RBS Ligand RBS hidden a. What is this kind of regulatory machnism called? b. Does it involve transcription or translation? c. What happens in the presence of the ligand? d. What happens in the absence of theligand? e. What do you think the genes that are regulated here - metabolic (breakdown) or anabolic (buildup) for the ligand? Explain
MyoD is a transcriptional activator that turns on theexpression of several muscle-specific genes in humancells. The Id gene product inhibits MyoD action.a. One possibility is that the Id protein directly represses the expression of these muscle-specificgenes. Explain how Id would function if it were arepressor.b. Another possibility is that Id inhibits musclespecific gene transcription indirectly, by preventingMyoD function. Explain how Id could function asan indirect repressor.c. Suppose you know the amino acid sequence ofthe Id protein. How might this information supportthe hypothesis in part (a) or in part (b)?
3. Figure 2 illustrates how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues. a. List all the tissues shown in Figure 2 that express the Pitx1 gene. b. If a fish does not produce activator 1 proteins because of a mutation in the gene that encodes those proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues? c. If a fish does not produce activator 3 proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues? d. A fish inherits a mutation in the Pitx1 coding region. This is a nonsense mutation that introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in a nonfunctional protein. Where would you expect Pitx1 to be expressed in this scenario?
The following diagram illustrates four genes from the genome of a certain insect. Different binding sites are labeled in the enhancer region of each gene. enhancer promoter ABC D E Gene 1 A D Gene 2 АС DE Gene 3 ABD Gene 4 In order for a specific gene to be expressed in the insect's cells, all of the gene's binding sites must be bound by transcriptional activators. • The insect's brain cells contain activators that bind to sites A, C, D, and E • The insect's salivary gland cells contain activators that bind to sites A, B, and D Which of the following is the most likely pattern of gene expression for the insect described above? Gene 2 will be expressed in both brain and salivary gland cells Both gene 1 and gene 4 will be expressed in salivary glands, but neither will be expressed in brain cells Gene 1 will be expressed in both brain and salivary glands Both gene 2 and gene 3 will be expressed in brain cells, but neither will be expressed in salivary gland cells
5. This diagram illustrates regulation of the Pitx-1 gene, which is expressed in various cell types • during certain stages of animal embryonic development. Answer the questions that follow: Promoter Coding Region Pelvis Olfactory Jaw Regulatory Segments ("Switches") a. Which portion of this sequence gets transcribed and translated into a protein? b. Which portion of this sequence underwent a deletion mutation in certain species of freshwater stickleback fish? Did that mutation have an impact on the amino acid sequence of the protein, when it was expressed? С. d. If this switch underwent the same mutation in a turtle embryo, how would the turtle's phenotype be impacted? е. Would this phenotypic change in the turtle likely be adaptive? Briefly explain.
How can one most effectively silence the myofilament gene unc-22 in C. elegans to produce the twitching phenotype? O A. Screen thousands of strains for a spontaneous unc-22 mutation O B. Soak worms in mutagenic solutions of EMS and screen the progeny OC. Inject antisense strands of unc-22 RNA into worm ovaries, which will be taken up by germ line cells and expressed in progeny O D. Inject a high dose of unc-22 MRNA into worm ovaries, which will be taken up by germ line cells and expressed in progeny O E. Culture worms with E. coli transformed with a plasmid that codes for a dsRNA unc-22 construct
Which of the following statements concerning enhancer DNA sequences is true? Group of answer choices Enhancer DNA sequences must be located before (upstream) the genes they control. Enhancers DNA sequences are close to the genes they activate (via looping) even if they very far away as measured through the linear DNA sequence. Enhancer DNA sequences will not recruit their respective protein factors if you artificially insert the enhancer backwards. All these statements are true.