Lab 4 Reflection-Refraction and Total Internal Reflection

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University of Rio Grande *

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PHYSICAL C

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Physics LAB 4: Ray Tracing, Laws of refraction and Snell’s Law using a Virtual Setup: Virtual Lab Name: Vianey Quintanilla, Lilibeth Mercado, Lina Garza, Karina Garza Introduction: Background on Normal, Incident angle, reflected and Refracted ray : When light strikes an interface, some of the light bounces off the surface, and some will enter the glass. The light that bounces off the surface is said to have been “reflected”, or to have undergone reflection. The light that enters the glass is said to have been “refracted”, or to have undergone refraction. When we examine the properties of transparent medium like glass, it is important to first realize that glass work on the principle of reflection/refraction and that lenses (and prisms) work on the principle of refraction. Where mirror works on the principle of reflection only. Lenses and mirrors are often used to magnify or reduce images. To do this the light will be either focused to a real focal point (like in a concave mirror or a converging lens) or spread away from a virtual focal point (like in a convex mirror or a diverging lens). At first, we will be working on to verify the laws of reflection. Figure: Reflection and refraction of light at the interface of air and glass Activity 1 : Go to this is the link : https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light When the site opens, scroll down until you see a light blue circle with PHYICS inside. Click this circle. Then select Light & Radiation. Next, find the App called “Bending of Light.” Finally, click on the app (you may click on the Play button or the Red 5) You will start the lab using the Intro section. Preliminary Investigation 1. Turn the laser on by clicking the red button. You will see light getting reflected and refracted, but you will be focusing only on reflected ray for this part of the experiment. Now move the laser [turn over]

pointer left and right to change the angle of incidence as shown in figure and verify the laws of reflection. Incident Angle (Degrees)= Reflected Angles (Degrees) 15 15 30 30 45 45 60 60 2. What are some observations you make on angle of reflection when you change the angle of incidence? Describe them, ( answer, explain, evidence). - The angle of reflection is the same as the angle of incidence. For example, the angle of incidence at 15 degrees gave us a reflected angle of 15 degrees. - The dark red line represents the angle of incidence at 15 degrees, and the light red line represents the angle of reflection at 15 degrees. 3. What are the laws of reflections? Do you think, laws of reflection hold in your experiment? if it holds describe, ( answer, explain, evidence). - The INCIDENT ray, REFLECTED ray, REFRACTED ray and the NORMAL at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. Activity 2 : Go to this is the link : https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light When the site opens, scroll down until you see a light blue circle with PHYICS inside. Click this circle. Then select Light & Radiation. Next, find the App called “Bending of Light.” Finally, click on the app (you may click on the Play button or the Red 5) You will start the lab using the Intro section. Preliminary Investigation 4. Turn the laser on by clicking the red button. You will see light getting reflected and refracted. Now move the laser pointer left and right by clicking and holding on the silver part and moving it. What are some observations you make? Describe them, ( answer, explain, evidence). As you move the laser left and right you see the refraction line. But if you keep the laser in the vertical or horizontal line you see no refraction. JDC – Created 05/02/2019 – Printed 14/06/2020

5. Now, leaving the pointer at about 45° change the material the pointer is in. It is currently in Air. Click the tab and try several other materials. What are some of your observations? ( answer, explain, evidence). As you can see from the 2 images, air and air do not show a refraction. When you move the material to a different material like water and glass, then you see the refraction. The refraction only shows when they are not like materials. JDC – Created 05/02/2019 – Printed 14/06/2020

6. Put the initial material back to Air. Now click on water in the lower material. Change it to several other materials and made record your observations. Is there are way to make the light, go straight from AIR into the lower material, ( answer, explain, evidence). Yes, there is a way for light to go straight if you have the light pointing straight down at a 0 degree angle or at a 90 degree angle. JDC – Created 05/02/2019 – Printed 14/06/2020

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