BQ1/ If the star's distance from the earth is 4.640 x 105 km, how long will it take thelight to travel from the earth to the star and back again?Q2/ A ray is reflected with 60° in the water. What is the incident angle in air?Q3/ Define:1- Huygens Principle2- Laws of Refraction3- Fermat's PrincipleQ4/ A concave surface with a radius of 2cm is separated two media water and air. Anobject is located in the first medium at a distance of 10 cm from the vertex. Find theprimary focal length.Good LuckProf. Dr. Nidhal Jandow

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Answered: Q1/ If the star's distance from the…

Q1/ If the star's distance from the earth is 4.640 x 105 km, how long will it take the light to travel from the earth to the star and back again?

College Physics

10th Edition

ISBN:9781285737027

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter22: Reflection And Refraction Of Light

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16P: Figure P22.16 shows a light ray traveling in a slab of crown glass surrounded by air. The ray is...

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Pierre de Fermat (16011665) showed that whenever light travels from one point to another, its actual path is the path that requires the smallest time interval. This statement is known as Fermats principle. The simplest example is for light propagating in a homogeneous medium. It moves in a straight line because a straight line is the shortest distance between two points. Derive Snells law of refraction from Fermats principle. Proceed as follows. In Figure P34.54, a light ray travels from point P in medium 1 to point Q in medium 2. The two points are, respectively, at perpendicular distances a and b from the interface. The displacement from P to Q has the component d parallel to the interface, and we let x represent the coordinate of the point where the ray enters the second medium. Let t = 0 be the instant the light starts from P. (a) Show that the time at which the light arrives at Q is t=r1v1+r2v2=n1a2+x2c+n2b2+(dx)2c (b) To obtain the value of x for which t has its minimum value, differentiate t with respect to x and set the derivative equal to zero. Show that the result implies n1xa2+x2=n2(dx)b2+(dx)2 (c) Show that this expression in turn gives Snells law. n1sin1=n2sin2 Figure P34.54 Problems 54 and 55.
What is most likely to happen to a beam of light when it reflects from a shiny metallic surface at an arbitrary angle? Choose the best answer, (a) It is totally absorbed by the surface, (b) It is totally polarized, (c) It is un-polarized. (d) It is partially polarized, (e) More information is required.
Endoscopes are medical instruments used to examine the gastrointestinal tract and other cavities inside the body. The light required for examination is conducted from an outside source along a long, flexible bundle of optical fibers to the tip, where it exits and illuminates the internal cavity. A lens on the lip collects an image of the lighted cavity and another fiber bundle conducts the image back along the endoscope to an eyepiece for viewing (Fig. P22.52). If each fiber in the bundle has diameter d = 1.00 104 m and refractive index n = 1.40, find the smallest outside radius R permitted for a bend in the fiber if no light is to escape. Figure P22.52
Figure P22.16 shows a light ray traveling in a slab of crown glass surrounded by air. The ray is incident on the right surface at an angle of 55 with the normal and then reflects from points A. B, and C. (a) At which of these points does part of the ray enter the air? (b) If the glass slab is surrounded by carbon disulfide, at which point does part of the ray enter the carbon disulfide?
Unreasonable Results An amateur astronomer wants to build a telescope with a diffraction limit that will allow him to see if there are people on the moons of Jupiter. (a) What diameter mirror is needed to be able to see 1.00 m detail on a Jovian Moon at a distance of 7.50108 km from Earth? The wavelength of light averages 600 nm. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
A ray of light travels from air into another medium, making an angle of 1 = 45.0 with the normal as in Figure P22.7. Find the angle of refraction 2 if the second medium is (a) fused quartz, (b) carbon disulfide, and (c) water.
Unreasonable results Light traveling from water to a gemstone strikes the surface at an angle of 80.00 and has an angle of refraction of 15.2°. (a) What is the speed of light in the gemstone? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
A ray of light is incident at an angle 30.0 on a plane slab of flint glass surrounded by water. (a) Find the refraction angle. (b) Suppose the index of refraction of the surrounding medium can be adjusted, but the incident angle of the light remains the same. As the index of refraction of the medium approaches that of the glass, what happens to the refraction angle? (c) What happens to the refraction angle when the mediums index of refraction exceeds that of the glass?
(a) Under what conditions is a mirage formed? While driving on a hot day, sometimes you see what appears to be water on the road far ahead. When you arrive at the location of the water, however, the road is perfectly dry. Explain this phenomenon, (b) The mirage called fata morgana often occurs over water or in cold regions covered with snow or ice. It can cause islands to sometimes become visible, even though they are not normally visible because they are below the horizon due to the curvature of the Earth. Explain this phenomenon.
A light ray navels from vacuum into a slab of material with index of refraction n1 at incident angle with respect to the surface. It subsequently passes into a second slab of material with index of refraction n2 before passing back into vacuum again. The surfaces of the different materials are all parallel to one another. As the light exits the second slab, what can be said of the final angle that the outgoing light makes with the normal? (a) (b) (c) = (d) The angle depends on the magnitudes of n1 and n2. (e) The angle depends on the wavelength of the light.
What is the index of refraction of a material for which the wavelength of light is 0.671 times its value in a vacuum? Identify the likely substance.