Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 1RE

RECALL Prepare a flow chart showing the stages of protein synthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A flow chart representing various stages of protein biosynthesis is to be prepared.

Concept introduction:

Proteins are large macromolecules, which consist of long sequences of amino acid residues. They are involved in a number of different biochemical processes in an organism.

They mostly differ in their structure and activity due to the arrangement of amino acid residues that is governed by their gene makeup.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 1RE

Explanation of Solution

Biosynthesis of protein is a complicated process that requires messenger and transfer RNA (mRNA and tRNA), ribosomes, and various protein factors. Ribosomes are the primary location for the biosynthesis of protein, to which the mRNA and tRNA are attached. The mRNA and tRNA are crucial for the correct arrangement of amino acids in the elongating chain.

The amino acid must be activated prior to being incorporated in the protein chain. The activation of amino acids requires tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (a group of specific enzymes). The amino acid residues get attached covalently to the tRNA forming aminoacyl-tRNA. The actual synthesis of polypeptide sequences takes place in three steps (chain initiation, chain elongation, and chain termination).

In the chain initiation step, the primary aminoacyl-tRNA gets attached to mRNA at a point that codes the initiation of polypeptide biosynthesis. The mRNA is attached with the ribosome, forming a complex. The subsequent aminoacyl-tRNA then makes a complex with the complex of ribosome and mRNA. The binding position for the subsequent aminoacyl-tRNA is adjacent to the primary aminoacyl-tRNA. Now, in the chain elongation step, formation of a peptide bond takes place between the amino acids. This process recurs until the polypeptide chain is accomplished. At last, in the chain termination step, the newly synthesized protein is released from the ribosomes.

Conclusion

The protein molecules are long chains of amino acids, the information for which is stored in the genetic code.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Biochemistry

Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY How would protein synthesis be...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the evolutionary...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13RECh. 12 - Prob. 14RECh. 12 - RECALL What is the role of ATP in amino acid...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RECh. 12 - Prob. 17RECh. 12 - Prob. 18RECh. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY A friend tells you that she is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RECh. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY Is amino acid activation...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22RECh. 12 - Prob. 23RECh. 12 - Prob. 24RECh. 12 - RECALL What are the A site and the P site? How are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26RECh. 12 - RECALL Describe the role of the stop signals in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 28RECh. 12 - RECALL What is the ShineDalgarno sequence? What...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY You are studying with a friend...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY E. coli has two tRNAs for...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY In prokaryotic protein...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY Describe the recognition process...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY The fidelity of protein...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY (a) How many activation cycles...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the energy cost per...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37RECh. 12 - Prob. 38RECh. 12 - Prob. 39RECh. 12 - Prob. 40RECh. 12 - Prob. 41RECh. 12 - Prob. 42RECh. 12 - Prob. 43RECh. 12 - Prob. 44RECh. 12 - Prob. 45RECh. 12 - Prob. 46RECh. 12 - Prob. 47RECh. 12 - RECALL What are two major similarities between...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why do amino acids other than...Ch. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would puromycin be useful for...Ch. 12 - Prob. 51RECh. 12 - Prob. 52RECh. 12 - Prob. 53RECh. 12 - Prob. 54RECh. 12 - Prob. 55RECh. 12 - Prob. 56RECh. 12 - REFLECT AND APPLY The amino acid hydroxyproline is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 58RECh. 12 - Prob. 59RECh. 12 - Prob. 60RECh. 12 - Prob. 61RECh. 12 - Prob. 62RECh. 12 - Prob. 63RECh. 12 - Prob. 64RECh. 12 - Prob. 65RECh. 12 - Prob. 66RECh. 12 - Prob. 67RECh. 12 - Prob. 68RECh. 12 - Prob. 69RECh. 12 - Prob. 70RECh. 12 - Prob. 71RECh. 12 - Prob. 72RECh. 12 - Prob. 73RE
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