your risk-aversion coefficient is A = 3./ and you believe that the entire 1927-20 period is representative of future expected performance, what fraction of your portfolio should be allocated to T-bills and what fraction to equity? Assume your utility function is J-B-0.5x Aa ². What if you believe that the 1975-1998 period is representative?
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Risk and return
Before understanding the concept of Risk and Return in Financial Management, understanding the two-concept Risk and return individually is necessary.
Capital Asset Pricing Model
Capital asset pricing model, also known as CAPM, shows the relationship between the expected return of the investment and the market at risk. This concept is basically used particularly in the case of stocks or shares. It is also used across finance for pricing assets that have higher risk identity and for evaluating the expected returns for the assets given the risk of those assets and also the cost of capital.
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- Year U.S. Gov’t T-Bills U.K. Common Stocks 2015 0.063 0.150 2016 0.081 0.043 2017 0.076 0.374 2018 0.090 0.192 2019 0.085 0.106 a. Compute the geometric mean rate of return for each of these investments and compare the arithmetic mean return and geometric mean return for each investment and discuss the difference between mean returns as related to the standard deviation of each series.a. Based on the following information, calculate the expected return and standard deviation for each of the following stocks. What are the covariance and correlation between the returns of the two stocks? Calculate the portfolio return and portfolio standard deviation if you invest equally in each asset. Returns State of Economy Prob K Recession 0.25 -0.02 0.034 Normal 0.6 0.138 0.062 Boom 0.15 0.218 0.092 b. A portfolio that combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio has an expected return of 7 percent and a standard deviation of 10 percent. The risk-free rate is 4 percent, and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12 percent. Assume the capital asset pricing model holds. What expected rate of return would a security earn if it had a .45 correlation with the market portfolio and a standard deviation of 55 percent? c. Suppose the risk-free rate is 4.2 percent and the market portfolio has an expected return of 10.9 percent. The market portfolio has a variance of…Refer the table below on the average excess return of the U.S. equity market and the standard deviation of that excess return. Suppose that the U.S. market is your risky portfolio. Period 1927-2021 1927-1950 1951-1974 1975-1998 1999-2021 Average Annual Returns U.S. equity 12.17 10.26 10.21 17.97 10.16 U.S. Equity Market Standard Deviation 20.25 26.57 20.32 14.40 18.85 1-Month T- Excess return 8.87 9.33 6.62 10.99 8.50 Bills 3.30 0.93 3.59 6.98 1.66 Sharpe Ratio 0.44 0.35 0.33 0.76 0.45 Required: a. If your risk-aversion coefficient is A = 3.5 and you believe that the entire 1927-2021 period is representative of future expected performance, what fraction of your portfolio should be allocated to T-bills and what fraction to equity? Assume your utility function is U = E(r) - 0.5 × Ag². b. What if you believe that the 1975-1998 period is representative?
- You are given the following partial covariance and correlation tables from historical data: Securities J K Market Securities J K Market 1.24 1.11 1.17 1.03 Covariance Matrix K 0.90 J 0.0020480 0.0021600 Also, you have estimated that the market's standard deviation is 4.3 percent. For the coming year, the expected return on the market is 14.0 percent and the risk-free rate is expected to be 4.0 percent. Given this information, determine the beta for Security K for the coming year, assuming CAPM is the correct model for required returns. Correlation Matrix K 0.60 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.60 0.80 Market 0.0020480 0.0021600 Market 0.80 0.90 1.00 Ston sharing Hidel lines WeAssume that you are given the following historical returns for the Market and Security J. Also assume that the expected risk-free rate for the coming year is 4.0 percent, while the expected market risk premium is 15.0 percent. Given this information, determine the required rate of return for Security J for the coming year, using CAPM. Year 1 2 O21.20% 3 4 5 6 O22.34% O 23.49% O24.63% O24.10% Market 10.00% 12.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% Security J 12.00% 14.00% 18.00% 22.00% 18.00% 14.00%a. Based on the following information, calculate the expected return and standard deviation for each of the following stocks. What are the covariance and correlation between the returns of the two stocks? Calculate the portfolio returm and portfolio standard deviation if you invest equally in each asset. Returns State of Economy Prob J K Recession 0.25 -0.02 0.034 Normal 0.6 0.138 0.062 Boom 0.15 0.218 0.092 b. A portfolio that combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio has an expected return of percent and a standard deviation of 10 percent. The risk-free rate is 4 percent, and the Page 7 of 33 expected return on the market portfolio is 12 percent. Assume the capital asset pricing model holds. What expected rate of return would a security earn if it had a 45 corelation with the market portfolio and a standard deviation of 55 percent? C. Suppose the risk-free rate is 4.2 percent and the market portfolıo has an expected return of 10.9 mercent Tibemadkat normfeliobasiabiamance…
- You are comparing Stock A to Stock B. Given the following information, what is the difference in the expected returns of these two securities? State of Economy Probability of State of Economy Rate of Return if State Occurs Stock A Stock B Normal .75 .13 .16 Recession .25 −.05 −.212. An analyst wants to evaluate Portfolio X, consisting entirely of U.S. common stocks, using both the Treynor and Sharpe measures of portfolio performance. The following table provides the average annual rate of return for Portfolio X, the market portfolio (as measured by the Standard & Poor's 500 Index), and U.S. Treasury bills (T-bills) during the past eight years. Annual Average Standard Deviation Rate of Return of Return Beta Portfolio X 10% 18% 0.60 S&P 500 13 1.00 12 n/a T-bills n/a n/a = not applicable a. Calculate both the Treynor measure and the Sharpe measure for both Portfolio X and the S&P 500. Briefly explain whether Portfolio X underperformed, equaled, or outper- formed the S&P 500 on a risk-adjusted basis using both the Treynor measure and the Sharpe measure. b. Based on the performance of Portfolio X relative to the S&P 500 calculated in part (a), briefly explain the reason for the conflicting results when using the Treynor measure versus the Sharpe measure.An investment Analysist provide the following data regarding the possible future returns on AmDa’s common stock State of economy Probability ReturnRecession 0.25 -1.4%Normal 0.45 9.4%Boom 0.30 15.4%i. Compute the expected return on the security? ii. Compute the standard deviation on the security? iii. Compute the Coefficient of variation
- An analyst wants to evaluate Portfolio X, consisting entirely of U.S. common stocks, using both the Treynor and Sharpe measures of portfolio performance. The following table provides the average annual rate of return for Portfolio X, the market portfolio (as measured by the Standard and Poor's 500 Index), and U.S. Treasury bills (T-bills) during the past eight years. Annual Average Standard Deviation Rate of Return of Return Beta Portfolio X 11% 18% 0.40 S&P 500 13 14 1.00 T-bills 6 n/a n/a n/a = not applicable a. Calculate both the Treynor measure and the Sharpe measure for both Portfolio X and the S&P 500. Round your answers for the Treynor measure to one decimal place and for the Sharpe measure to three decimal places. Treynor measure Sharpe measure Portfolio X S&P 500 % Briefly explain whether Portfolio X underperformed, equaled, or outperformed the S&P 500 on a risk-adjusted basis using both the Treynor measure and the Sharpe measure. Based on the Treynor measure Portfolio…Consider the following information about the various states of the economy and the returns of various investment alternatives for each scenario. Answer the questions that follow. Question 1 Fill in the parts in the above table that are empty. Using the data generated in the previous question (Question 1); Plot the Security Market Line (SML) 2. Superimpose the CAPM’s required return on the SML % Return on T-Bills, Stocks, and Market Index State of the Economy Probability T- Bills Phillips Pay- up Rubber- made Market Index Recession 0.2 7 -22 28 10 -13 Below Average 0.1 7 -2 14.7 -10 1 Average 0.3 7 20 0 7 15 Above Average 0.3 7 35 -10 45 29 Boom 0.1 7 50 -20 30 43 Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Covariance with MP…Investment advisors estimated the stock market returns for four market segments: computers, financial, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals. Annual return projections vary depending on whether the general economic conditions are improving, stable, or declining. The anticipated annual return percentages for each market segment under each economic condition are as follows: Assume that an individual investor wants to select one market segment for a new investment. A forecast shows improving to declining economic conditions with the following probabilities: improving (0.2), stable (0.5), and declining (0.3). What is the preferred market segment for the investor, and what is the expected return percentage? At a later date, a revised forecast shows a potential for an improvement in economic conditions. New probabilities are as follows: improving (0.4), stable (0.4), and declining (0.2). What is the preferred market segment for the investor based on these new probabilities? What is the expected return percentage?