You were given 1000 fruit flies to start a new laboratory colony. Before starting to breed your fruit flies, you decided to determine their genetic make up. You counted approximately 360 fruit flies that have vestigial wings, a recessive trait. If you decide to remove all the fruit flies with vestigial wings and only breed the flies with normal wings, what is the approximate frequency of individuals with vestigial wings in the F1 generation? 0.09 O 0.16 0.25 0.36 O 0.14
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- A genetic cross was made between two true-breeding parental fly strains. One parent strain displays red eyes and curly wings, while the other parent strain displays white eyes and vestigial wings. The resulting F1 generation flies were allowed to self-cross to produce F2 generation. The following data were obtained: F1 generation: all have red eyes and curly wings. F2 generation: 295 were red eyes and curly wings, 95 were red eyes and vestigial wings, 89 were white eyes and curly wings, 31 were white eyes and vestigial wings With this data above – please answer the following questions: Propose a hypothesis that explains the above inheritance pattern, test the goodness of fit between the data and your hypothesis using a chi square test. Use the chi square table from your textbook/online. Use the information obtained from the chi square table to explain what your calculated chi square results mean.Hemophilia and color blindness are both recessive conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome. To calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes, you draw a large number of pedigrees that include grandfathers with both hemophilia and color blindness, their daughters (who presumably have one chromosome with two normal alleles and one chromosome with two mutant alleles), and the daughters sons. Analyzing all the pedigrees together shows that 25 grandsons have both color blindness and hemophilia, 24 have neither of the traits, 1 has color blindness only, and 1 has hemophilia only. How many centimorgans (map units) separate the hemophilia locus from the locus for color blindness?You are doing a genetics experiment with the fruit fly. In the “P” generation, you cross two true-breeding flies. The female parent is brown and wingless and the male parent is black with normal wings. All of the flies in the F1 generation are brown and have normal wings. Assume the genes are not found on a sex chromosome. Indicate the body color alleles with B and b and the wing size alleles with N and n. a) The genotypes of the flies in the P generation are: Female: ______________ Male: ______________ b) The genotype of the flies in the F1 generation is: _____________ c) You now take an F1 female and cross her to a true-breeding black, wingless male. This male’s genotype is: ______________
- You cross a true-breeding yellow-bodied, smooth-winged female fly with a true-breeding red-bodied, crinkle-winged male. The red body phenotype is dominant to the yellow body phenotype and smooth wings are dominant to crinkled wings. Use B or b for body color alleles, and W or w for wing surface alleles.(4 points) a) What are the genotypes of the P generation flies? b) What will be the genotype(s) and phenotype(s) of the F1 offspring? c) You discover that the genes for body color and wing surface are linked. You perform a dihybrid test cross between the F1 flies from part (b) with a true-breeding yellow-bodied, crinkle-winged fly. Use the following results of this cross to determine the recombination frequency (%) between the body color and wing surface genes. (Remember that the recombinants are the ones that do not resemble the parental types from the P generation.) Body Color Wing Surface # of Individuals red smooth 102 yellow smooth 404 red crinkled 396 yellow crinkled…Females from a pure-breeding curly-winged strain are mated with males from a pure-breeding straight-winged (wild-type) strain. The F1 mate with each other to produce an F2 generation that consists of 160 flies with curly wings and 80 with straight wings. What can you infer from this observation? Explain your answer and why the other options do not qualify, A) Curly wings is a recessive trait. B) The dominant curly wing allele is also a recessive lethal. C) Wing shape is controlled by two codominant alleles. D) Two interacting genes determine wing shape. E) All of the hybrid F 1 flies had straight wings.Part A) You cross a fly with straight wings with a fly with curved wings to produce the F1 generation, all of which exhibit straight wings. In the F2 generation, you observe 65 straight-winged flies and 16 curved-wing flies. Based upon the results, which phenotype is recessive? Part B) You think this trait is controlled by a single gene, but the F2 numbers don’t quite match a 3:1 expected ratio. Perform a chi-square analysis to determine if the variation you observe is due to chance or not. Based upon this determination, would you keep or reject the “null hypothesis”? Show your work and explain your reasoning.
- Suppose that you have 72 F2 flies from a cross, and expected that they would show a phenotype ratio of: 9 red eye/normal wings : 3 red eye/dumpy wings : 3 eyeless/normal wings : 1 eyeless/dumpy wings How many flies that eyeless with normal wings would you expect to have? Group of answer choices: A) 3 B) 18.5 C) 40.5 D) 13.5You are studying the genes that affect wing size in butterflies. You cross two true-breeding strains (one strain with extremely large wings crossed to one strain with extremely small wings), and then cross the F1 butterflies. You measure 320 F2 butterflies and find that 5 are the same size as the extremely small parent, 5 are the same size as the extremely large parent, and the rest show a range of body sizes between these extremes. How many genes do you estimate contribute to wing size in butterflies?You ave established a mutant line of flies with a balancer chromosome. The balancer chromosome includes GFP and a mutation in gene X that causes flies to be sterile in the homozygous state. The recessive mutation that you are studying is in gene Y, and causes flies to develop two tail ends in the homozygous state. This mutation is lethal in the homozygous state. For each of the following phenotypes in the balanced mutant line, what alleles are present and in how many copies? a.) Glows green, fertile (Select] b.) Glows green, sterile [Select) c.) does not glow green, two tails (Select] If you crossed a fly from your balanced line with the following flies, what proportion of the offspring would glow green and be fertile? d.) wild-type [Select ) e.) fly with balancer chromosome from parental generation [ Select ]
- Cross Cross A Cross A Cross B Cross B Phenotype F1 generation F2 generation F1 generation F2 generation Male red eyes 132 150 0 99 Female red eyes 135 295 110 101 Male white eyes 0 147 105 93 Female white eyes 0 0 0 95 Using “+” to indicate the wildtype red-eyed allele and “w” to indicate the mutant white-eyed allele, state the genotypes of the following: Wildtype red-eyed and white-eyed parental flies from cross A and cross B. Males and females from the F1 generation flies from cross A and cross B Males and females, F2 generation flies from cross A and cross B.You are doing a genetics experiment with Drosophlia melanogaster, the fruit fly. In the "P" generation, you cross 2 true-breeding flies. The female parent is brown and wingless and the male parent is black with normal wings. All the flies in the F1 generation are brown and have normal wings. Assume that the genes are not found on sex chromosomes. Indicate color alleles as "B" for brown, "b" for black, "W" for normal wings, "w" for wingless.In a genetic cross between a homozygous tall plant with homozygous purple flowers and a homozygous short plant with heterozygous purple flowers, how many short plants will you expect in the F2 generation if you sample 36 individuals? Both tall and purple are dominant.