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Relating to these two objectives, please answer the following:
- Examine the principles and theories underlying the concepts of production and cost as well as the relationship between these two concepts.
- Analyze these principles of production and cost in order to derive the optimum behavior of producers and sellers
Question 1
You are a manager of an advertising company. The company is running short of funds, so you decide to increase revenue. Should you increase or decrease the price of running ads? Explain.
Question 2
You own a printing firm. Two of your senior managers provide you with advice. The first manager states that your company is losing money for every unit that is printed. To minimize losses, she advises that you reduce your production levels. The second manager states that if your firm sells some more units, the price will cover your increase in costs. In order to reduce losses, the second manager recommends that you should increase production. Explain which manager is correct and who is offering the correct advice?
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Solved in 2 steps
- Suppose Hubert runs a small business that manufactures shirts. Assume that the market for shirts is a price-taker market, and the market price is $10 per shirt. The following graph shows Hubert's total cost curve. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot total revenue, and the green points (triangle symbol) to plot profit for the first seven shirts that Hubert produces, including zero shirts. TOTAL COST AND REVENUE (Dollars) 125 100 75 50 25 -25 -50 0 0 1 2 ☐ ■ U 3 4 5 QUANTITY (Shirts) L 6 Total Cost 7 8 Total Revenue Profit ? Calculate Hubert's marginal revenue and marginal cost for the first seven shirts he produces, and plot them on the following graph. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot marginal revenue and the orange points (square symbol) to plot marginal cost.Suppose Larry runs a small business that manufactures shirts. Assume that the market for shirts is a price-taker market, and the market price is $10 per shirt. The following graph shows Larry's total cost curve. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot total revenue and the green points (triangle symbol) to plot profit for the first seven shirts that Larry produces, including zero shirts. 125 100 TOTAL COST AND REVENUE (Dollars) 25 ☐ Total Cost ☐ -50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 QUANTITY (Shirts) Total Revenue A Profit (?) Calculate Larry's marginal revenue and marginal cost for the first seven shirts he produces and plot them on the following graph. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot marginal revenue and the orange points (square symbol) to plot marginal cost. 25 2 COSTS AND REVENUE (Dollars per shirt) 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 QUANTITY (Shirts) Marginal Revenue Marginal Cost Larry's profit is maximized when he produces is shirts. When he does this, the marginal cost of the previous shirt he…Questions 1-3 use the following case to determine a way to take a single product, like toilet and bundle it in such a way as to extract all of the profit at the time of the initial sale. You go to CostCo or Walmart and you see paper towel sold in a bundle and you wonder how the retailer can make any money. You do a little research and you find that the demand for paper towels is depicted by the following demand curve and marginal cost: P-$2.20 (1/10)*Q MR-$2.20 (2/10) Q МС 0.20 where P is the price of paper towels, MC is the marginal cost of paper towels, MR is the marginal revenue of paper towels and Q is the quantity of paper towels. So you decide to try two different pricing strategies: 1) sell one roll at a time and 2) use multi-part pricing to sell a bundle. For pricing strategy two, you determine that the quantity, price and profit are: Q 20, P $24.0, Profit $20 Q 10, P 1.20, Profit 10 Q 20, P $0.20, Profit 0 = Q 10, P $4.0, Profit $38 a. Q 10, P $4.0, Profit = $38 b. Q 10, P…
- Draw the demand and supply curves and equilibrium points in the decrease in cost of tealeaves, for milk tea.Suppose that the turkey industry is in long-run equilibrium at a price of $5 per pound of turkey and a quantity of 150 million pounds per year. Suppose that WebMD claims that the bacteria found in turkey will decrease your expected life span by 4 years. WebMD's claim will cause consumers to demand Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following diagram to illustrate these short-run effects of WebMD's claim. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 10 9 8 3 2 1 0 0 30 turkey at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by 60 Supply Demand 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 QUANTITY (Millions of pounds) Demand Supply (?Increasing demand from China has made New Zealand the world's biggest exporter of dairy products . Its exports of milk to China increased by 45 % in 2013. More than 300 000 hectares land in New Zealand have been transferred to dairy use from other forms of farming and forestry use since 2000. The increase in milk production has caused the average cost of its production to fall and changes in production methods have affected the price elasticity of supply of milk . Discuss whether the average cost of production always decreases when a firm increases the total output that it produces(Define economies of scale and diseconomies of scale Use of graph to explain ( if applicable ) Explain the various economies of scale e.g. purchasing economies of scale [ up to 5 ] Explain the various diseconomies of scale [ up to Brief conclusion)
- Small businesses typically do not observe the demand curves for the products they sell. For example, a local bakery could not draw the demand curve for its loaves of sourdough bread. Without this important information, how would the local bakery maximize its revenue?A new French law is forcing industry giants to donate or recycle unsold goods that they would have otherwise destroyed. Apparel companies, from elite fashion houses to mass-market chains, are saddled with an inventory glut following months long closures during the pandemic. Now, they are trying to get rid of the excess without angering waste-conscious consumers—or harming their brands, reports The Wall Street Journal (Aug. 14. 2020). (Links to an external site.) In the U.S., brands and retailers locked out of an entire fashion season are flooding charities with unsold products, in addition to sending goods to discount stores and liquidators. Good360, a nonprofit that collects excess merchandise and distributes it to charities, expects more than $660 million in donations for the entire year, double what it received last year. “Brands don’t want their unsold products winding up at flea markets or on Craigslist,” said the CEO of Good360. LVMH—which owns Louis Vuitton, Dior and other…The blue curve on the following graph represents the demand curve facing a firm that can set its own prices. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be scored on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. PRICE (Dollars per unit) 100 TOTAL REVENUE (Dollars) 90 80 20 10 0 1250 1125 1000 875 750 625 500 On the previous graph, change the number found in the Quantity Demanded field to determine the prices that correspond to the production of 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, or 50 units of output. Calculate the total revenue for each of these production levels. Then, on the following graph, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the results. 375 250 125 + 0 0 0 Demand 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Units) + 5 20 10 15 25 30 35 QUANTITY (Number of units) 40 Graph Input Tool Market for Goods 45 50 Quantity Demanded (Units)…
- For the pizza seller whose marginal, average variable, and average total cost curves are shown in the graph below, what is the profit- maximizing level of output and how much profit will this producer earn if the price of pizza is $0.50 per slice? Instructions: In the graph below, label all three curves by clicking on the dropdown to select the appropriate label. Enter your responses as whole numbers. Price ($/slice) 3.50 3.25 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 Cost Curves MC ATC Quantity (slices/day) AVC L 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 o When the price is $0.50 per slice, the profit-maximizing level of output is o slices per day. At the profit-maximizing level of output, the producer's profit is: $ 225 per day.Questions 1-3 use the following case to determine a way to take a single product, like toilet and bundle it in such a way as to extract all of the profit at the time of the initial sale. You go to CostCo or Walmart and you see paper towel sold in a bundle and you wonder how the retailer can make any money. You do a little research and you find that the demand for paper towels is depicted by the following demand curve and marginal cost: P=$2.20 (1/10)*Q MR-$2.20 (2/10)*Q MC 0.20 where P is the price of paper towels, MC is the marginal cost of paper towels, MR is the marginal revenue of paper towels and Q is the quantity of paper towels. So you decide to try two different pricing strategies: 1) sell one roll at a time and 2) use multipart pricing to sell a bundle. Given the results for the pricing strategies in problems 1 and 2, what is your pricing decision and why?Souvlaki Taverna is one of many restaurants in Athens, Greece which sell Souvlaki kebabs. All restaurants make the dish slightly differently. Use the following graph showing the demand (D), marginal revenue (MR), average variable cost (AVC), average total cost (ATC) and marginal cost (MC) curves of Souvlaki Taverna to answer the questions below. (a). The goal of Souvlaki Taverna is to maximize its profit. How many Souvlaki kebabs per day should it make? What price per kebab (in euros) should it charge? If Souvlaki Taverna maximizes its profit, how much is its total revenue? What about its total costs? What is its daily profit? What would the profit-maximizing output level of this business be if it operated in a perfectly competitive market instead? What price per kebab would it charge? Does the economic outcome in part (a) imply allocative efficiency? Why or why not? Does the economic outcome in part (a) imply productive efficiency? Why or why not?
