Why are Gyrase inhibitors good antibiotics to use therapeutically? O DNA Gyrase is required by prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes, to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit. ODNA Gyrase is required by eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes, to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit. It's impossible to develop resistance against Gyrase inhibitors so they are always effective. ODNA Gyrase is required by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit.

Why are Gyrase inhibitors good antibiotics to use therapeutically? O DNA Gyrase is required by prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes, to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit. ODNA Gyrase is required by eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes, to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit. It's impossible to develop resistance against Gyrase inhibitors so they are always effective. ODNA Gyrase is required by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter29: Transcription And The Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17P

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Why is telomerase not needed in prokaryotic DNA replication? O Prokaryotes have circular DNA O Prokaryotes have linear DNA O Prokaryotes have high %GC O Prokaryotes have different replication enzymes
The process of transferring DNA from one bacterium to another through a bacteriophage is called O conjugation O the lysogenic cycle O transformation O transduction O the lytic cycle 0|00
Which of the following enzymes in E. coli synthesizes new DNA at sites of DNA damage during base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair? Telomerase O DNA Polymerase III ● DNA Polymerase I O None of these enzymes Excision DNA polymerase
Which of the following repair mechanisms would most likely be used to repair a G in DNA damaged by oxidation? base excision DNA pol I proofreading mismatch repair nucleotide excision
n gel electrophoresis of DNA, the different bands in the final gel form because the DNA molecules _______. a. are from different organisms b. have different lengths c. have different nucleotide compositions d. have different genes
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why are antibiotics ineffective in treating the common cold and other virus infections?
Reverse transcriptase assembles an ________ on an _______ template. a. mRNA; DNA c. DNA; ribosome b. cDNA; mRNA d. protein; mRNA
DNA replication requires ________ . a. DNA polymerase c. primers b. nucleotides d. all are required
Which of the following is NOT true about Base Excision repair? Group of answer choices Ligase is responsible for resealing the nick in the phosphodiester backbone. Endonuclease is used to remove the damaged nucleotide. It is a preferred method of removal for larger defects in the genetic code Polymerase creates the new nucleotide to replace the damaged one Glycosylase removes damaged the damaged base before the nucleotide
Which of the following DNA repair mechanisms relies on homologous DNA recombination for the repair process? DNA proofreading O SOS response postreplication repair base excision repair mismatch repair
Transfer of a donor chromosome fragment by a bacteriophage is defined as O Transduction O Budding O Conjugation O Transformation
Which mechanism is utilized to replicate plasmids undergoing conjugal transfer? Rolling-circle replication O Modified rolling-circle replication where the displaced strand is concurrently with DNA transfer Theta replication Theta replication followed by rolling circle replication