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- Which of these enzymes is needed to maintain a steady pool of methylene THF used in pyrimidine synthesis and cancer cells proliferation? Group of answer choices Phosphoglyceratedehydrogenase Glyceraldehydegehydrogenase Glycine decarboxylase ThymidylatesynthaseWhich of the following tumor-promoting (oncogenic) proteins promotes increased uptake of glutamine? Group of answer choices Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase Myc GLUT1 HIF-1 Which of the following has the greatest capacity for ATP production by aerobic respiration? fast twitch muscle slow twitch muscle white fat brown fat Which of the following is an inhibitor of Complex I? Azide UCP1 Catalase Rotenone Which of the following facilitates electron transfer from a 2 electron carrier to a 1 electron carrier? Complex II Complex I Complex III Complex IVPyruvate dehydrogenase kinase is a deffected enzyme and it is the connection between the alteration of metabolism and cancer. How the structure and action of this deffective enzyme/protein are altered or essential. This may include the regulation of this protein, its rate of synthesis, importance in rapid cell growth, etc. How does this alteration lead to cancer, enhance the survival of a cancerous cell, etc.? Any pharmaceutical treatments that are in development to target this protein, along with their biochemical basis. Show the chemical structures of any drugs that are discuss as well as their mechanism of action.
- In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the cancerous white blood cells typically lack the enzyme asparagine synthetase. Why is the administration of asparaginase an eff ective therapy for this type of cancer?You can choose one or more than one options Arginase is an enzyme that : BIOCHEMISTRY advanced is expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes shows two isoenzymes in mammals. found in the liver and other tissues catalyzes the formation of urea and ornithine from arginine. induces hyperammonemia when it is overexpressed is inhibited by basic amino acids such as lysine and ornithine.Which of the following was added to cell lysate to stabilize RNA molecules during the RNA extraction? Buffer RPE Wash buffer guanidine-isothiocyanate ORNAprotect Bacteria Reagent O silica
- Folate deficiency in a cancer patient being treated with 5-Fluorouracil will lead to diminished capacity of this drug to inhibit thymidylate synthase. Group of answer choices True FalseWhy would LDH be up- or down-regulated depending on location of cancer cells? Anaerobic cancer cells enhance rates of ATP production and rely on pyruvate to lactate conversion. LDH5 expressed can vary in favoring pyruvate for conversion to lactate (anaerobic metabolism). Aerobic compartments in newly formed fibrobasts and vessels use lactate to convert to pyruvate for oxidative phosphorylation and favor lactate conversion to pyruvate by LDH1 (aerobic metabolism). Lactate dehydrogenase is upregulated in both cancer cells and supporting stroma and vessels, thus only LDH5 is upregulated showing enhanced expression levels and thus presence at the plasma membrane to increase levels of lactate for export, LDH1 levels are always consistent. LDH1 is upregulated in response to the export of lactate by MCT1, while LDH5 is down-regulated Neither LDH1 or LDH5 are both consistently expressed, regardless of oxygen levelsPolyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated IFNs have superior pharmaceutical properties compared with their unconjugated counterparts as a result of greater protection against proteolytic degradation, better solubility, and slower catabolism and excretion. Group of answer choices True False
- Different control mechanisms are used to regulate the synthesis of glycogen. Match the action on the left with the effect on the right. Increase in the concentration of inorganic phosphate ion Decrease in the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase Ű Clear All Decreasing glycogen synthesis Increasing glycogen synthesis No effect on glycogen synthesisWhich of the following best describes statins mechanism of action? Group of answer choices It is an irreversible inhibitor It binds to the allosteric site of HMG-CoA reductase It directs the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis It is a non-competitive inhibitorHbA1c is used to monitor blood glucose levels because hemoglobin is the only protein in blood that is covalently modified by glucose. True False Insulin Glargine is a long-acting form of insulin that is synthesized with several D-amino acids that slow its proteolytic degradation and extend the half-life of the insulin Glargine molecule. True False