Q: When does DNA replication take place? during the S phase of the cell cycle when the cell…
A: Question - When does DNA replication take place? A) during the S phase of the cell cycle…
Q: In which state, the sex chromosomes are present in a cell? O Euchromatin Heterochromatin Centromere…
A: Chromosomes are the thread like structure present in the nucleus of the cell.
Q: why does s phase has least cell population?Isn‘t it true that s phase is for DNA replication?why not…
A: A cell is a basic unit of life. All the metabolic pathways responsible for proper function of the…
Q: Which of the following cell organelles are sites of protein synthesis? Ribosomes O Lysosomes O…
A: Protein synthesis is primarily responsible for amino acid disposal. Amino acids are activated by…
Q: What is the functional unit of the chromosome? O RNA O DNA O Gene None of these
A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material in living organisms that is present in the…
Q: different processes that affect the structure of the chromosomes
A: Chromosomal mutations includes the structural mutations that occurs as a result of the alterations…
Q: There are pieces of DNA that readily change their position from one chromosome to another. These are…
A: Though DNA is not abundant in the cell but is is the most important macro-molecule in the cell. It…
Q: Which of the following solves the problem of shortening of chromosomes in each cell cycle?a) DNA…
A: The DNA replication mechanism is a semiconservative replication in which the parent DNA acts as the…
Q: What are the three levels of organization in chromosomes starting with a DNA molecule and going up…
A: As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only the first question. To get answers to other…
Q: All of the following events happen during prophase, except... A. Chromosomes are lined up in the…
A: Option A -Chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell
Q: During the stage of Mitosis, do you need condense an forms chromosomes
A: Mitosis is a method of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that happens while progenitor cell…
Q: DNA and its associated proteins are called O transcriptomes chromatin O histones none of the above
A: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is found in the nucleus. It is the genetic material which…
Q: The analysis of individual nucleosomes reveals that each unit contained one copy of each protein and…
A: Nucleosomes are the unit of chromosome.
Q: Which of the following structures are associated with the ends of chromosomes and may shorten over…
A: Chromosomes are thread like structure made of a single molecule of DNA associated with proteins.…
Q: The region of chromosome that are located at the ends of chromosomes, and needed for chromosomal…
A: Note- As per Bartleby rules, we are supposed to answer only first question, kindly repost the other…
Q: Which of the following statements about nucleosomes is NOT true? DNA is on the outside and is…
A: DNA- “deoxyribonucleic acid” is a complex structure that carries the unique genetic code of every…
Q: All cells must replicate their DNA before each cell division. Why is it that DNA has to be…
A: Th deoxiribonucleic acid or the DNA is the genetic material in most of the organism
Q: For each of the following pairs of chromatin types,which is the most condensed?a. 100 Å fiber or 300…
A: There are four levels of condensation: Nucleosome – DNA is tightly complexed with histones, wrapping…
Q: The ends of linear chromosomes are called _________.
A: Chromosomes are the highly condensed form of DNA which are formed by coiling DNA many times around…
Q: How many pair of chromosomes in human body
A: A chromosome is a long DNA molecule that holds all or part of an organism's genetic information.…
Q: 1 2 3 4 Here is a replication fork during S phase of the cell cycle. DNA strands are labeled 1-4.…
A: The DNA is a double stranded molecule which unwinds during replication. During replication one…
Q: What name is given to the assembly of proteins that carry out DNA copying at a replication fork? O…
A: Every time cells divide, eukaryotic genomes are duplicated with near-perfect fidelity. The…
Q: Chromosomes are read directly by the machinery in ribosomes to synthesize proteins. TRUE or FALSE?
A: The DNA is organized into a thread-like structure called chromosomes which are located inside the…
Q: The cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis is the Group of answer choices - Ribosomes…
A: Protein synthesis During translation a cell reads the information in mRNA and uses it to buil a…
Q: Some portions of the chromosomes are coiled with inactive genes as electron- dense masses of…
A: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule comprised of two polypeptide chains that coil around each…
Q: Certain organisms contain cells that possess polytene chromosomes. What are polytene chromosomes,…
A: "ANSWER Polytene chromosomes are large chromosomes which can be generally discovered in insect…
Q: A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an…
A: Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It is…
Q: Which DNA sequences are more alike: a pair ofsister chromatids or a pair of homologous chromosomes?
A: Normal human karyotype consisting of 46 chromosomes arranged into 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 pairs…
Q: Which one of the following entries most accurately states the number of DNA double helices…
A: A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome.
Q: Which of the following terms should not be used to describe aBarr body?A. ChromatinB. EuchromatinC.…
A: Barr body or sex chromatin body is one of the two inactive X-chromosomes in mammalian female cells.…
Q: Which of the following creates free radicals and break chromosome into pieces? a. cigarette b.…
A: DNA acts as genetic material for almost all the organisms present on earth. DNA is also prone to…
Q: What is a centromere? How does the position of centromere form the basis of classification of…
A: The chromosomes are the thread-like structure in the cells of living organisms and contain tightly…
Q: Which of the following is the main reason why DNA must exist in chromosome form?
A: Answer is c. )To avoid the genetic material to be tangled away during the cell division.
Q: The compaction leading to a metaphase chromosome involveswhich of the following?a. The formation of…
A: Cell cycle, the organised sequence of events in preparation for cell division occurring in a cell.…
Q: Duplicated chromosomes are physically connected along an area of the chromosome known as the
A: Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter…
Q: Put the following levels of chromosome organization in order from least complex (least packaged…
A: The word chromosome arises from the Greek word chroma means color and soma which means body because…
Q: Place the following eukaryotic DNA structures in order of thickness, smallest to largest…
A: These are positively charged proteins that strongly adhere to negatively charged DNA and shape…
Q: One of the most important proteins associated with DNA that helps to organize it in the nucleus is…
A: In this question, we have to explain one of the most important proteins associated with DNA that…
Q: Which of the following statements accurately describes the usual structure of a eukaryotic…
A: In this question, we have to answer the usual structure of a eukaryotic chromosome.
Q: A cell with a non-standard number of one or more individual chromosomes, as opposed to having an…
A: Tetraploidy is the rare abnormal condition where 92 chromosomes are present instead of normal 46…
Q: Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? alignment at the cellular equator…
A: Cell division is the process in which parent cell undergo division and give rise to daughter cell .…
Q: What type of chromosomal rearrangement occurs If a single chromosome suffers two double-strand…
A: To explain: To explain type of chromosomal rearrangement in the double stranded breaks in single…
Q: Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is false? (a) eukaryotic chromosomes…
A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…
Q: Which of the following chromosomes is replicated? a. b. C.
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: interphase chromosomes are __________ while mitotic chromosomes are a. composed of 4 DNA…
A: Interphase is the stage when a cell develops, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares to divide.…
Q: We have looked at the structure of DNA in cells. There are some differences. Based on what we have…
A: Introduction DNA acts as a genetic material in our body. It passes from generation to generation.…
Q: The DNA and associated proteins of a eukaryotic chromosome are called Chromatin Chromatosome…
A: Eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of DNA that is tightly coiled around histone protein clusters.…
Q: is a segment of base pairs in chromosome.
A: Chromosomes don't seem to be visible within the cell’s nucleus—not even underneath a microscope—when…
Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
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- Which of the following statement(s) is/are false/incorrect? You may select multiple options, if necessary. ☐ Experiments support bidirectional movement of multiple replication forks at eukaryotic chromosomes. O Mg++ ions play important roles during DNA synthesis Synthesis of DNA is semi-conservative ✔ Beta clamp reduces DNA polymerase processivity ✔ DNA polymerase III uses ATP as a source of energy to drive the polymerization reaction forward O Tautomers enhance chances of correct nucleotide incorporation during DNA synthesisWhat does i mean to say that extension by DNA polymerase III proceeds 5' 3'? The 5' end of a DNA polymerase molecule attaches to the 3' end of primase. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing strand, moving in the 5'-3' direction. O DNA polymerase seals nicks as it moves along a DNA strand toward the 3' end. DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA at the 5' end of an existing strand of DNA. O O 0During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other is synthesized as a number of separate fragments of DNA that are subsequently linked by DNA ligase. This is because O replication starts at many points on the chromosome RNA primers only anneal to one of the parental strands of DNA one of the parental strands is unwound slower than the other by helicase DNA polymerase III only synthesizes DNA in the 5' - 3' direction
- Which of the following statements regarding the fidelity of DNA replication is true? DNA polymerase has a 3'-5' exonuclease activity that removes incorrectly paired nucleotides. The DNA polymerase active site is highly flexible and can easily 'fit' incorrectly paired incorporated nucleotides. I. DNA polymerase never makes an error in the nucleotide being incorporated. The stability of base pairing is not a factor in controlling the fidelity of nucleotide incorporation during replication. IV. DNA polymerase has evolved to make errors at a relatively high rate because this is what drives evolution. OV.3b) Briefly explain what telomerase does, how it accomplishes what it does, and why that allows a cell to completely and accurately replicate the ends of linear DNA molecules. (please note that the question does not ask you to explain the entire process of replication of the end of a linear DNA strand, it only asks about the function of telomerase in this process)Which of the following are differences between prokaryotic DNA replication and eukaryotic DNA replication? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices: 1. Eukaryotic DNA is linear, while prokaryotic DNA is circular and undergoes theta replication 2. Eukaryotic genomes often have multiple chromosomes, while prokaryotic genomes are usually only made up of one chromosome 3. DNA polymerase 3 adds dNTPs to the growing DNA strand in eukaryotes, while DNA polymerase 2 adds dNTPs to the growing DNA strand in prokaryotes 4. In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase requires a primer to add nucleotides to growing DNA strand, while in prokaryotes, no primer is needed to add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand 5. Longer telomeres are added to the end of prokaryotic chromosomes than are added to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes 6. Eukaryotic DNA will have multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotic DNA only have one
- DNA polymerase I has 5'-3' polymerase activity, 5'-3' exonuclease activity, and 3'-5' exonuclease activity necessary for DNA replication. Mutations in the gene that encodes DNA polymerase I may cause the enzyme to lose these activities. Match the consequence of a loss-of-function mutation in DNA polymerase I to the corresponding lost activity. Lost 5'-3' polymerase activity no RNA primer removal during DNA replication no double helix denaturation Lost 5'-3' exonuclease activity Answer Bank decreased polymerase fidelity Lost 3'-5' exonuclease activity no DNA synthesis to fill gaps caused by removing RNA primers unstable strand separation within the replication bubbleWhich of the following statements regarding DNA Synthesis at the ends of linear chromosomes is true? Because DNA polymerase has proofreading capablities, replication at the ends of linear chromosomes is usually error-free, and telomerase, an enzyme composed of both RNA and protein, simply ensures that any incorporated errors are corrected. O DNA synthesis at the ends of linear chromosomes is a problem also observed in prokaryotic cells. Ov. Cancer in humans is associated with a reduction in the activity of telomerase. y Telomerase, an enzyme composed of both RNA and protein. fünctions by cleaving the 3 overhangs that are left by DNA polymerase.K The template (antisense) strands of two complete (double-stranded) DNA molecules have the base sequences shown in the table below. Two replication experiments are done with each molecule: 1. In Experiment #1, samples of each DNA molecule are incubated with radioactive cytosine, along with appropriate replication enzymes, ATP, adenine, thymine, and cytosine. Experiment #1 is stopped when each DNA molecule has replicated once. 2. In Experiment #2, all the DNA molecules from #1 are purified, and then incubated with with a similar reaction mixture - except non-radioactive cytosine is used this time. Experiment #2 is stopped when each DNA molecule has replicated one more time. Predict the percentage of DNA in each sample that is radioactive after each experiment. Round your answers to the nearest percent. DNA template strand sequence 3'-GAAGCC -5' 3'-ACCTTA-5' Explanation Check - % of DNA radioactive after... Experiment #2 Experiment #1 0% % % % Q Search X S © 2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All…
- For initiation of replication to occur, DNA topoisomerase and DNA helicase is needed to unwind DNA and break open the DNA double helix respectively. What other enzyme is needed for DNA initiation by DNA polymerase to occur (the answer is not DNA polymerase!)?I. What is the correct order of enzyme action during DNA replication? Number the steps from 1 to 7. HINT: Refer to the slide show and video lecture on this topic to help you solve this one: Synthesis of RNA primers (priming) Ligation II. A double-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence shown below can produce a polypeptide that is four amino acids long. Identify which DNA strands are the coding and the transcribed template strands by circling C or T to the left of the table below, respectively. Use an arrow to indicate the direction of transcription. In the table, show the mRNA sequences and amino acids in this peptide. In spaces to the left and right of the table, label all 5' and 3' ends of all relevant nucleic acid strands. READ CAREFULLY: The table gives you the possibility of filling in answers that show transcription from either strand or in either direction. You are only required to fill in the information relevant to ONE PEPTIDE (no others). Refer to the genetic code on the…An Investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the process of DNA replication at 42°C but not at 30°C. She grows the cells at 30°C and, upon shifting the temperature to 42°C, she discovers that the DNA remains double- stranded at the replication forks. What is the likely target affected by the temperature-sensitive mutation? DNA Ligase DNA polymerase lII primase DNA gyrase Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)