Which of the following homeostatic control systems anticipate fluctuations in a variable and speed up the response even before it is altered? (a) reflex arc (b) negative feedback (c) feedforward mechanisms (d)positive feedback (e) afferent pathway
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- In describing a positive feedback loop, which of the following would be true? a) the sensor and control center are always the same b) the effector signals the control center to shut off the initial stimulus c) the effect shuts off the initial stimulus d) the effect amplifies the initial stimuWhich of the following is comparable to a positive feedback cycle? a) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in response to an action potential arriving at the axon terminal b) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in response to a depolarizing graded potential c) movement of K+ through leak channels d) operation of the Na+-K+ ATPase at rest e) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels in response to a depolarizing graded potentialWhich of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? (A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors (B) Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors (C) Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (D) Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (E) Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, effer- ent neurons, interneurons
- 1.) What is the general understanding of biological processes, including depolarization, nerve impulse transmission and synaptic transmission 2.) what is integrating a sense (ie. vision hearing etc.) into knowledge of reflex arcs and then arranging the events in order they would occur 3.) how an external substance would change the distribution of ions in a resting membrane and alter the electrochemical response 4.) identifying the names and locations of glands thYou have to identify the following:1. The negative feedback condition/mechanism2. The four components of a negative feedbackloop:A. stimulusB. sensorC. control centerD. effector3. Explain what would happen to eachcomponent if a secretion became too great.which of the following would be false? a) summation of B and C would not change membrane b) summation of B would be an IPSP c) summation of C and A = suprathreshold stimuli d) stimulation by A would depolarize cell e) repeated stimulation by A could spatially summate and reach threshold (This would be temporal summation)
- Regulation by the nervous system provides, (a) relatively slow but long-lasting responses to stimuli. (b) swift, long-lasting responses to stimuli. (c) swift but brief responses to stimuli. (d) relatively slow, short-lived responses to stimuli.Which of the following terms does The information flow from the outside to the inside and then to the effectors belong to? a.)Control center b.)Homeostasis c.)Stimulus-response model d.)Negative feedback e.)Positive feedback f.)Feedback modelWhat is the basic difference between a local homeostatic response and a reflex?
- Synaptic cleft has what? A)stores neurotransmitters when they are not in use B)contains myosin and actin C)is located in the sarcoplasm D)is a space where neurotransmitters are released from the neuronThe blood vessel (marked by the white arrow) in this model Choose from the following: (A) is sensitive to levels of sodium ions in the plasma (B) is lined with endothelial cells known as 'granular cells' which release renin (C) demonstrates smooth muscle cells in its tunica media which release a hormone known as 'renin' (D) constricts in diameter in response to activation of sympathetic innervationWhich of the following is depicted in the diagram? A) Somatic nervous system B) spinal reflex arc C) sympathetic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system