Which of the following does not occur during the Calven A Carbon fixation Oxidation of NADPH C. Generation of CO2 acceptor (RuBP) D Release of oxygen
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- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH e. PGAL b. O2 d. RuBP f. CO2Photorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.
- Consider 41 NADH and 19 FADH2 molecules funneling electrons into the electron transport chain coupled to oxldative phosphorylation 1. The total number of protons (H") pumped during the oxidation of 41 NADH molecules is 2. The total number of protons (H) pumped during the oxidation of 19 FADH, molecules is 3. The number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 41 NADH molecules is 4. The number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 19 FADH, molecules is 5. The net ATP yield from the oxidation of 41 NADH and 19 FADH, molecules isPhotorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of O2, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. According to a regional scale model, photorespiration currently reduces US soybean and wheat yields by 36% and 20%, respectively, and a 5% reduction in photorespiration losses would be worth around $500 million yearly in the United States. Can you forecast the costs and good advantages of C4 photosynthesis? What factors increase the likelihood that the benefits will outweigh the expenses in hot, dry areas in the United States?The coenzyme NADP is the terminal electron acceptor in chloroplasts, according to the reaction 2 H₂O + 2 NADP+ 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O₂ Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, for this reaction at 25 °C. + Use an E'° of -0.324 V for NADP and 0.816 V for H₂O. K'eq = x10
- A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake phase of the Calvin cycle, as freely moving CO2 molecules become fixed into a carbon skeleton. How can this occur without direct participation by NADPH and/or ATP?consider 15 NADH and 43 FADH2 molecules funneling electrons into the electron transport chain coupled to oxidative phosphorylation 1. the total number of protons (H+) pumped during the oxidation of 15 NADH molecules is _____. 2. the toal number of protons pumped during the oxidation of 43 FADH2 molecules is _______. 3, the number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 15 NADH molecules is______. 4.the number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 43 FADH2 molecules is______. 5. the net yield from oxidation of 15 NADH and 43 FADH2 molecules is_____.Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
- Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.Describe the three steps of the Calvin cycle and whenATP and/or NADPH is needed.Some of the electron transport carriers (the cytochromes) absorb light at characteristic wavelengths when they are carrying the extra electron from NADH but not when they give up the electrons to the next carrier. Thus, light absorption bands are all present when mitochondria are incubated in the absence of oxygen or when tyanide is present. Cyanide blocks the transfer of electrons from the last cytochrome to oxygen. When cyanide is absent and oxygen is introduced, the cytochromes stop absorbing light. There are three cytochromes in animal mitochondria, called a, b, and c. Another inhibitor of mitochor rial electron transfer is urethane. When urethane is added to aerobic mitochondria, cytochrome b begins to absorb light, but a and c do not. Finally, purified cytochrome c, even in the presence of oxygen, continues to absorb light. Use these observations to decide the order in which the cytochromes occur in the mitochondria.
