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- Which of the statements about neurotransmitters given below is incorrect? О а. Orexin-producing cells in the locus querulous of the pons activate many different areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, and the pons and medulla as well. b. Blocking acetylcholine appears to reduce arousal levels, while procedures designed to increase acetylcholine production increase signs of arousal. Acetylcholine increases the general arousal of the cortex O C. Research has shown that Seratonin cells are most active during waking and decrease during sleep. In addition, serotonin seems to facilitate automatic behaviors such as chewing, pacing, or grooming.1. Ketamine is considered an antagonist for which receptor? A. GABA a B. GABA b C. NMDA D. AMPA 2. Which of the following is/are true about the role of astrocytes in the glutamatergic neuronal circuits? A. Synthesize glutamine from glutamate B. Aid in the re-uptake of glutamate released to the synapse C. Assist in the glucose- and lactate-based metabolism and delivery of energy for neurons D. All of these 3. Glutamatergic neurons are generally ____________ in Major Depressive Disorder, and __________ in Bipolar Disorder. A. Underactive; Overactive B. Overactive; Underactive C. Underactive; Underactive D. Overactive; Overactive 4. Ketamine is considered an antagonist for which receptor? A. GABA a B. GABA b C. NMDA D. AMPA 5. Alcoholic beverages, is primarily considered a * A. GABA agonist B. GABA antagonist C. Glutamate precursor D. Glutamate enzymatic productThe blockade of which of the following receptors most likely mediated by nitrous oxide? a. 5-HT3 serotonergic b. Alpha-1 adrenergic c. NMDA glutamatergic d. GABAergic e. Nm cholinergic
- Nitroglycerine, which produces NO in the body, is used to relax smooth muscles. Why? OA. NO activates guanylyl cyclase. OB. NO decreases the production of cGMP. O C. NO increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration. O D. NO directly activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. OE. NO directly activates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.Diet Coke is sweet because A. the sweetener in it activates the nicotinic receptor. B. the sweetener in it activates a GPCR. C. the sweetener in it activates the GABAA receptor. D. the sweetener in it activates the NMDA receptor. E. the sweetener in it activates the muscarinic receptor.Removal of adrenergic neurons in the brain with a neurotoxin impairs hippocampal LTP. a. true b. false
- Which of these may be produced by the action of nitric oxide? a. Dilation of blood vessels b. Erection of the penis c. Relaxation of smooth muscles in the digestive tract d. Long-term potentiation (LTP) among neighboring synapses in the brain e.All of theseCarbachol have longer durations of action than Ach, because they have both muscarinic and nicotinic activity. they are not hydrolyzed by AChE. They bind to muscarinic receptors. They show little specificity in their actions OWhich of the following plays a critical role in all types of addiction? A. Choroid Plexus B. Cingulate Gyrus C. Fornix D. Nucleus Accumbens Septi E. Thalamus Select one: O A ов O C O E Which cranial nerve arises from the posterior aspect of the brain? A. Abducens B. Facial C. Hypoglossal D. Trochlear E. Vagus Select one: O A о в ос ОЕ
- Exposure to the compound below is most effectively treated with? CI CI N do= O-P O CH3 CH3 Itranscript O A. atropine & trimethaphan O B. edrophonium and methacholine OC. atropine & pralidoxime O D. pilocarpine & pralidoxime O E. neostigmine OF. IV bolus of acetylcholineAt a normal NMJ, action potentials in the skeletal muscle cell can be blocked directly by? A. Curare, which inhibits nicotinic receptors. B. Atropine, which inhibits muscarinic receptors. C. Physostigmine, which inhibits ACHE. D. AP5, which inhibits NMDA receptors. E. Pentobarbital, which enhances the function of GABA on GABAA receptors.psychoactive compounds in cannabis act on the CB1 receptor, the endocannabinoid that binds to this receptor is called: Select one: a. nitric oxide b. a Gi protein c. anandamide d. THC e. all of theses are endocannabinoids.
