What is the reason why sucrose is a non reducing sugar?
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1. What is the reason why sucrose is a non reducing sugar?
2. In glycosidic linkage formation between monosaccharide units, discuss how products were formed.
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- 1. Explain why sucrose is non reducing sugar?8) Consider the tetrasaccharide stachyose drawn below. Stachyose is found in white jasmine, soybeans, and lentils. Because humans cannot digest it, its consumption causes flatulence. HO How ОН OH stachyose OH HO HO OH HO OH OH OH OH «ОН a. Label all glycoside bonds. b. Classify each glycosidic linkage as a or ẞ and use numbers to designate its location between two rings (e.g., 1-4-3). c. What products are formed when stachyose is hydrolyzed with H,O"? d. Is stachyose a reducing sugar? e. What product is formed when stachyose is treated with excess CHI, Ag₂O? f. What products are formed when the product in (e) is treated with H₂O"?2) Consider the following disaccharide which was formed from the breakdown of a polysaccharide found in plant material. ОН Glycosidic linkage: H H OH H H НО H H. OH H. ОН OH H НО H ОН a. Label the glycosidic linkage above in the following format: a/B(# → #) b. Would you expect this disaccharide to have been formed from amylose or amylopectin? c. Describe at least two chemical tests that would give insight into the structure of this disaccharide, assuming you've isolated it and wanted to elucidate the structure from scratch. Include detail on not only the tests you would use but what results you would expect to get given the structure above. Assume you can analyze the structure of any monosaccharide you get from your chemical tests.
- 3. Below are abbreviated Haworth projections of 4 sugars. Label the sugars as a or B. Which sugars are anomers of one another? Are these sugars furanoses or pyranoses? Are they hemiacetals or full acetals? What is the difference between hemiacetals and full acetals? ОН A نت ОН 5 -O ОН √3 2 1 OH OH 6 В OH ОН ОН 3 2 ОН ОН 4 6 с OH OH ОН НО 32 1 OH OH D OH ОН НО 3 OH 12. Name the disaccharide (shown at right) formed by glycosidic linkage of D-Glucose and D-Fructose. ● Name this disaccharide: Do you expect this disaccharide to be a reducing sugar? Briefly explain. OH HOCH₂ H CH₂OH I H OH H H HO OH H H O OH H CH₂OHWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the structures below? CHO CHO H-OH ОН н ОН НО H НО -Н н- ОН CH₂OH CAB All are structures of D-sugars. All are structures of ketohexoses. Only CAR is a monosaccharide. 0 Only CAP is a L-sugar. Н I H CHO -ОН H-OH H-OH н- -ОН CH₂OH CAR H-OH -ОН НО-Н то н- H-OH CH₂OH CAP CH2OH to HO-H НО-н Н 1 - он CH₂OH CAT
- Consider the following carbohydrates: CHO CH2OH но H. OH OH H. OH CH,OH HO HH HO OH OH OH CH-OH CH,OH %3D II Which of these are D-sugars? O All are D-sugars I and II I and IlI Il and III All are L-sugars エWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the structures below? CHO CHO CHO -Н НО H НО н- ОН -Н - ОН CH2OH CAB All are structures of D-sugars. All are structures of ketohexoses. Only CAR is a monosaccharide. O Only CAP is a L-sugar. -ОН -ОН H-OH H-OH H- ОН CH₂OH CAR но-н H-OH н НО т н-он CH₂OH CAP CH₂OH Fo НО-Н H НО-Н H он CH₂OH CAT30. The shown structure is a cyclic D-monosaccharide. Which of the following statements is true? HOCH₂ H OH H OH OH CH₂OH A. The chemical can react with methanol to form a hemiacetal in solution without forming an open chain structure B. The chemical needs to form an open chain structure to be able to react with methanol to produce a glycosidic linkage in solution C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
- 2. Draw the structure and give the systematic name of the given disaccharides. (a) Lactose which is also known as milk sugar: β-D-Gal(1--> 4)β-D-Glc, where Gal is galactose and Glc is glucose. (b) Sucrose which is also known as table sugar: β -D-Glc (1-->2) β-D-Fru where Glc is glucose and Fru is fructose.1. Discuss the difference between an ⍺-D-glucose and a β-D-glucose. How can the structure of a monosaccharide affect its bioactivity?13. Observe the diagrams below. Which sugar(s) is(are) epimers of xylose? Specify the carbon that is involved. HICIOH HIC-OH HIC-OH CH₂OH D-Ribose Figure 7-3 part 2 2013 of chemistry Seth Edition Five carbons HO-C-H D-Aldoses H- -OH H -C-OH -OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-Arabinose D-Xylose H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH 0 H-C-OH HOICIH CH₂OH D-Glucose H но- C-H HO -H H -C-OH CH₂OH D-Lyxose 14. Observe the structures below and determine: H HIC-OH CHO HOH HO-C-H HO-C-H OH- a. Which is an epimer of glucose: galactose or fructose? b. Which is a ketose of glucose? H-C-OH CH₂OH D-Galactose H н——он HOH CH₂OH D-glucose CHO он———н H- он——н он——н CH₂OH L-glucose CH₂OH C=0 HO-C-H H - C_OH -OH H-C-OH CH₂OH D-Fructose