What is the physical or structural difference between heterochromatin (also called "heterochromatic DNA") and euchromatin ("euchromatic DNA")?
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4a) What is the physical or structural difference between heterochromatin (also called
"heterochromatic DNA") and euchromatin ("euchromatic DNA")?
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- 4b) What is the functional difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin? In other words, what can a cell do (or not do) with euchromatic DNA but not heterochromatic DNA?2) When DNA is placed in distilled water, which is pH 7.0, it denatures (i.e., the two strands separate). The pH inside a cell is generally 7.2-7.5, depending on the organism, but DNA is generally double-stranded under physiological conditions. Briefly explain, in your own words, why DNA denatures when placed in distilled water but not when it is inside a cell. [Reminder: the pKa for the phosphate groups in the sugar-phosphate backbone of a strand of DNA is 2.14]1) Describe the levels of organization in the DNA molecule when in the form of a visible chromosome. How does this differ from the extended chromatin form? Why do the differences exist?
- What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin?What is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin? What accounts for (or causes) the difference?32. Would you expect to find hydrophobic amino acids on the external surface or internally in proteins? Why? 33. What is required for molecular surfaces/interfaces to interact with one another for a sufficient amount of time (such as an antibody/antigen)? many intermearat only partially replicated. Thus, Meselson and Stahl's experiments showed that DNA replication IS a semiconservative process in which the single strands of the double helix remain intact (are conserved) during a replication process that distributes one parental strand into each of the two daughter molecules (thus the te uonry NOTES
- 11) Examine the following two DNA sequences. Sequence 1: ATGCGATGCTAGCAT Sequence 2: ATGCGATGATAGCAT If both of these sequences code for proteins, how might the function of protein 2 differ from the function of protein 1? Use the table below for assistance. U C A G บบน UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG U Phe GUUT GUC GUA GUG Leu Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met or Start Val Ceweg 232 www... UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG C GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala CAU CAC CAA CAG A AAU AAC AAA AAG UAU U UAC C UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G Tyr GAA GAG His Gin Asn Lys GAU GAC Asp G c] Glu UGU UGC CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG Cys Arg Ser Arg Gly U C A G U C A G U C A G by Calin me press A) Protein 1 and protein 2 will function exactly the same. B) Protein 1 will be shorter than protein 2, so they will not function the same. C) Protein 2 will be shorter than protein 1, so they will not function the same. D) Protein 2 has a different sequence, so it will function…Given the following eukaryotic DNA strand, transcribe and translate the DNA into a polypeptide using the 3’ – 5’ strand as the template. You may use drawings, diagrams, colours and annotations to describe how the DNA strand will be synthesized into a functional protein. (32) (KEY: The letters SBMD are “made up” nucleic acids that depict non-coding regions in the DNA, hypothetically S pairs with B and M pairs with D). 5’ - TATAAAAASSMSBMDATGSBDCCMBDBAATBSMDSTGTGTCCTMSBAG – 3’A solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following DNA molecules are added to aliquots of this solution. Which of them would lead to DNA synthesis? (a) A single-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide units. (b) A double-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide pairs. (c) A single-stranded closed circle of 1000 nucleotides base-paired to a linear strand of 500 nucleotides with a free 3' -OH terminus. (d) A double-stranded linear molecule of 1000 nucleotide pairs with a free 3’-OH group at each end.
- How many kilobases of the DNA strand below will code for the protein product?10) Determine bending rigidity of double stranded DNA molecule with persistence length of 45 nm (80% TA, 20% GC pairing).46. What are SMC proteins? Describe the function of SMC proteins and explain how they might contribute to creating and maintain the compacted structure of DNA inside of cells. Describe the basic functions of condensins and cohesins.