What is the overall net reaction of glycolysis?C6H12O6 + 2 NADH + 2 P₁ + 2 ATP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NAD+ + 2 H+ + 2H₂O + 2 ADPC6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 4 P₁ + 4 ADP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2H₂O + 4 ATPGlucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 P₁ + 2 ADP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2H₂O + 2 ATPGlucose + 2 FAD + 2 P; + 2 ADP --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 FADH₂ + 2 H+ + 2H₂O + 2 ATPC6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 P₁ + 2 ADP --> Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2H₂O + 2 ATP

In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized into pyruvate. It involves a series of enzyme-catalyzed…

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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Which of the following is higher during high levels of glutathione reductase and NADP? SH A но (GSH) OH NH2 NH2 HO OH ;-CH-CH2-CH2-C-NH-CH–ċ–NH–CH2- CH2 В (GSSG) CH2 -CH-CH;-CH2=C-NH–C NH-CH–Ç-NH-CH2-C HO OH NH2
Consider the following reaction of the glycolysis pathway. Which statement is NOT true regarding this reaction? P + C-H NADH + H+ NAD+ C-0-P H-C-OH H-C-OH Glyceraldehyde- CH₂0-P 3-phosphate dehydrogenase CH₂0-P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate O A one-carbon compound (1C) is converted into a two-carbon compound (2C). O It requires a coenzyme. O It is a redox reaction catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. O It is a phosphorylation reaction.
Which reaction is irreversible? oxidized glutathione + NADPH + H+ → reduced glutathione + NADP+ ribulose 5-phosphate → ribose 5-phosphate glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ → 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone + NADPH + H+ sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + glyceraldehyde 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate + erythrose 4-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate → xylulose 5-phosphate
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plays an essential role in an exercising muscle, especially when the level of excursion surpasses the ability of circulatory systems ability to supply adequate oxygen. What is the main reason LDH is so important to the muscle under these conditions? It produces one mole of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation. It resupplies NAD+ to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. It decreases pH thus decreasing the dissociation rate of oxygen from hemoglobin It produces NADH for energy while converting pyruvate into lactate. It removes excess lactic acid from the muscle to create pyruvate. Next
A figure of the energy payoff phase of glycolysis is shown below. Look at the reaction labelled with a 6 (on the far left), which involves the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. reduced? HC O CHOH CH₂O-P Glycer- aldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 2 NADH 2 NAD+ + 2 H+ Triose phosphate 2 P₁ dehydrogenase Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc. P CHOH CH₂0-P 1,3-Bisphospho- glycerate 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate NADH NAD+ 2 ADP GLYCOLYSIS: Energy Payoff Phase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 2 ATP Phospho- glycerokinase 2 Which of the compounds is C=O CHOH H–CO- P Phospho- CH₂0-P glyceromutase CH₂OH 8 3-Phospho- glycerate C=O 2-Phospho- glycerate 2. ATP 2 ADP BYD Pyruvate kinase 10 2 H₂O Enolase 2 C=O CO-P CH2 Phosphoenol- pyruvate (PEP) CH3 Pyruvate
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Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to lactate or to ethanol plus CO2. Which of the following provides the best explanation for sustaining anaerobic glycolysis? O Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NADH Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NADH Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+ Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
How many ATP or NADH molecules are produced or required in each of the following steps in glycolysis? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. zero one two produced required In the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, NADH molecules are In the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, NADH molecules are In the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate molecules are ATP and Reset ATP and ATP and Help NADH
Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucose
What is the process that sustains the redox balance of glycolysis under aerobic conditions? transport of lactate from the cell regeneration of NAD* in the citric acid cycle formation of NADH in the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase regeneration of NAD* in fermentation processes regeneration of NAD* in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain
Arsenate (HaSO42) can replace inorganic phosphate (pi) in the reaction catalyzed by a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to be directly converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (NADH is still formed ). What is the net energy account of Phase 1 of glycolysis for a cell that is exposed to arsenate? -0 ATP and 2 NADH gained -2 ATPS produced -2 ATPS and 2 NADH produced -6 ATPS and 2 NADH used -2 ATPS used
How much ATP is produced from the complete B-Oxidation of myristic acid (C14H2802)? Activation of Fatty Acid ACCOA x (10 ATP/ACCOA) FADH₂ x (1.5 ATP/FADH₂) = NADH x (2.5 ATP/NADH) : = = -2 ATP ATP ATP ATP TOTAL ATP C18 CH, (CH₂)₁4-CH₂-CH₂-C-S-COA || FAD →FADH₂ CH₂(CH₂)₁4-CH=CH-C-S-CoA Each loop of the pathway represents a repetition of Steps 1-4. H₂O OH CH₂(CH₂)₁4-CH-CH₂-C-S-CoA || - NAD+ →→NADH+ H 0 CH3-(CH₂) 14 C-CH₂-C-S-CoA 0 || C16 CH₂(CH₂)14-C-S-CoA COA-SH Acyl CoA trans-Enoyl COA L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA B-Ketoacyl COA H₁-C-S- + CH₂-C-S-CoA Acetyl CoA New acyl COA C₁4+ Acetyl CoA C12+ Acetyl CoA CO+ Acetyl CoA Cg+ Acetyl CoA C + Acetyl COA C₁ + Acetyl COA 2 Acetyl COA

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