What is the mechanism of type II hypersensitivity?

Q: What advantages do monoclonal antibodies have compared topolyclonal antibodies? How are mAbs…

A: Introduction  Antibodies: Anti means “Against”; body here refer to antigens hence antibodies are the…

Q: What is Immunoglobulin (Ig)

A: Protein is an important body-building macromolecule. There are four structural levels of proteins…

Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ?

A: The patient with impairment or dysfunction of the immune cells is aided clinically by a process…

Q: Define what is meant by type IV hypersensitivities.

A: Hypersensitivity is otherwise known as intolerance and refers to the over or exaggerated immune…

Q: . Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

A: Immediate hypersensitivity is also termed type I hypersensitivity. It is a type of allergic reaction…

Q: How and why do B cells undergo a class switch from producing IgM antibodies to any of the other Ig…

A: Class exchanging happens after initiation of a develop B cell through its layer bound neutralizer…

Q: Why is iron availability important in body defenses?

A: The cells of the immune system are categorized as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The…

Q: Describe the characteristics of the types of hypersensitivity disorders.?

A: The immune system is complex networking, which includes cells and proteins that defend the organism…

Q: What are the immunological implications of 'bare lymphocyte syndrome' /MHC deficiency?

A: Introduction - Mutations in some genes of the major histocompatibility complex or genes involved in…

Q: What is the defective immune response characteristic of AIDS?

A: Introduction   Viral infections are very harmful for mankind. In the post century where we faced the…

Q: What is Delayed hypersensitivity?

A: Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions created by the conventional immune system, as well…

Q: What is the action of Anatomical barriers Inflammation Interferon (type I)?

A: The body system comprising of various organs, tissues, cells, and chemicals that function to protect…

Q: Serum sickness belongs to what type of hypersensitivity? What causes serum sickness?

A: Hypersensitivity occurs when body produces an unnecessary and undesirable immune response following…

Q: Describe and give one example of the following: Hypersensitivity Type IV

A: Hypersensitivity  is exaggerated immune response. It is a response by host-tissue towards the…

Q: What is T-cell receptor (TCR) ? How it works ?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: What is Allergy (Hypersensitivity)?

A: When immune system responds abnormally to a foreign substance like antigen or an allergen  , it's…

Q: What is Cytotoxic T cells?

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: What is Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity?

A: The immune system composed of cells, tissues, proteins, and organs. Its main function is to protect…

Q: What is involved in the four categories of B-cell and T-cell mediated hypersensitivities?

A: There are four states of hypersensitivity. State I is characterized by immediate allergies that are…

Q: What are MHC class I and class II receptors and how do they recognize foreignness

A:

Q: What types of cells display MHC class I and class IIantigen complexes, and what happens as a result?

A: MHC or Major Histocompatibility complex is a locus present in the DNA of vertebrates. This locus has…

Q: List two potentially life-threatening consequences of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction and explain…

A: The immune system is critical for maintaining human health and defending the body from microbial…

Q: allergic asthma is an example of type 1 hypersensitivity, what are the major characteristics of this…

A: Allergic asthma is asthma which trigger by same substance which triggers allergy. Type 1…

Q: What techniques and methods are used to detect T cell signaling defects in a patient?

A: There are several techniques to detect T-cell signaling defects in patients. Some of them are as…

Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…

A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…

Q: What are the types of hypersensitivity? Explain with an example.

A: Hypersensitivity is caused due to an exaggerated action of the immune system against a foreign agent…

Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.

A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…

Q: Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity A. is mediated by IgE B. is mediated by T lymphocytes…

A: Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system including…

Q: What is the relationship between self-tolerance and clonal deletion?

A: The B and T lymphocytes have specific receptors on their surfaces. In B lymphocytes, this receptor…

Q: What is the difference between humoral and cellular adaptive immunity

A: Immunity can be defined as an ability of our body to protect from any foreign materials. It can be…

Q: Describe the antiviral functions of type I interferon.

A: Type I interferons are a subgroup of interferon proteins which aids in regulating the activities of…

Q: What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.

A: Introduction: The innate humoral immune system relies heavily on the complement system. The…

Q: What are some clinical examples of type IV hypersensitivity?

A: Introduction :- Exaggerated or inappropriate immune reactions to an antigen or allergen are known as…

Q: Compare and contrast type I and type IV hypersensitivity as to mechanism, symptoms, eliciting…

A: An allergy is the response of the immune system to any foreign substance. This immune response is…

Q: What is the immunity of agranulocytes?

A: Agranulocytes are mononuclear cells which are  a type of white blood cells or leukocytes. these…

Q: What is the relationship and differences between receptor-mediated endocytosis and TLR in relation…

A: The first-line of defense mechanism is known as innate immunity, and the immune cell-mediated…

Q: What cells release histamine during allergic responses?

A: Hypersensitivity refers to immune response, induced by repeated antigen exposure, that results in…

Q: Describe one example of a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

A: Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated response of the immune system against any antigen or pathogen.…

Q: What kind of symptoms accompany B-cell defects, T-cell defects,and combined defects, and why is this…

A: Primary diseases are congenital and generally originating due to errors in genetic makeup. The…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.