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- How does a retrovirus prepare its genetic material for incorporation into the host cell genome? a. Host enzymes incorporate viral RNA directly into the genome. b. Host enzymes covert viral RNA to double-stranded viral DNA. c. Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral RNA. d. Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral DNA. e. Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral single-stranded DNA to make double-stranded viral DNA.after a successful infection by a viral particle, it integrates its genome into the host DNA. which term best describe the change of host genome? a. none b.silent mutation c.missense mutation d.frame shift mutationWhich nucleic-acid based technique will detect norovirus? A. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) probes B. PCR with primers specific for the genome of this virus C. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) D. reverse transcription PCR with specific primers A patient's blood sample tests positive for the antigen to Vibrio cholerae. Which of the following interpretations is correct? A. This person has cholera. B. This person was exposed to any species of Vibrio. C. This person was exposed to V. cholerae recently. D. This person had cholera at some point in their lifetime.
- A biologist develops a new drug that seems to dramatically slow the onset of symptoms resulting from HIV infection. Close monitoring of HIV-infected cells reveals that the viral proteins are in the form of long polyproteins. What kind of drug did the biologist develop? A. It is a glycosyl transferase inhibitor. B. It is an integrase inhibitor C. It is a protease inhibitor. D. It is a CD4 inhibitor. please explain why which answer is correct and which is wrong and whyWhy can’t retrotransposons move from one cell to another like retroviruses?a. Because they do not encode the Env proteinb. Because they are nonautonomous elementsc. Because they require reverse transcriptased. a and b are both true.Which statement is true about RNA polymerase (which is required for transcription)? A. RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate the synthesis of RNA. B. RNA polymerase uses deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. C. RNA polymerase is not an enzyme. D. RNA polymerase does not require a template.
- What is a negative strand RNA virus? O a. It is double stranded RNA. O b. It can be used directly to translate viral proteins. c. It does not exsit. O d. It must first be converted to a MRNA before it can be translated.How do retrovirus assemble new viral progeny? a. Viral RNA is copied into DNA, then integated into the host genome and transcribed ans translated b.Viral DNA is copied into RNA, then integated into the host genome and transcribed and translated c. Retroviruses use the same machinery as prokaryotes and follow the same process to make RNA d. Retroviruses have an RNA genome instead of DNA but use all of the same enzymes as eukaryotesWhich Class I element has likely experienced the greatest accumulation of mutations compared to its retrovirus ancestor, as its DNA sequence is the most divergent? A. LINES B. transposons C. Ac/Ds elements D. SINES E. LTR retrotransposons
- If the HIV did not have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, then which of the following would apply? Select one: a. The virus can make use of the reverse transcriptase enzyme from the host cell to convert its RNA into DNA b. Viral particles will be produced without reverse transcriptase enzyme since the original HIV is an RNA virus and needs to assemble RNA ant coat proteins together c. The virus will manufacture its proteins from its RNA using translation and ribosomes from host cell d. Provirus will not be formed and assembly of viral particles will never occur e. The virus will not be able to recognise the host cell and therefore entry into the cell is blockedWhich of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA? A. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from a DNA template B. Transcription of mRNA from DNA C. Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template D. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template E. Synthesis of DNA from a DNA templateWhat is the function of the sigma subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase? a. It directs the polymerase to bind a specific type of promoter sequence b. It contains the polymerase active site. c. It allows template-independent RNA synthesis d. It signals the polymerase to terminate transcription at specific sites. e. It contains the separate exonuclease site required for proofreading.