What is the correct order of events in response to an initial pathogen encounter in humans? 1 2 3 4 5 :::: :::: Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. Pathogen is destroyed. Antigens from the pathogen bind to receptors on lymphocytes. Lymphocytes specific to antigens from the pathogen become numerous. Only memory cells remain.
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- What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?What is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune response?For each of the following situations, indicate which type(s) of lymphocyte(s), if any, would be expected to proliferate rapidly in lymph nodes and where in the nodes they would do so. Nomal mouse with a viral infection (a) (b) (c) Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with a protein antigen Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with the thymus-independent antigen bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which does not require the aid of THcells to activate B cells.
- What are the principle components and functions of innate and adaptive (Humoral and cell-mediated) immunity? describe in 100 wordsCorrectly order the steps in cellular Immunity. Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item. Items to order: a) .Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognizes the infected host cell b) The CTL secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis c) The CTL interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on the dendritic cell d) The helper T cell activates the CTL cellImmunology List the CD4+ T lymphocytes lineages? What determines CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation? Which responses are suppressive? Which responses clear intracellular pathogens? Which responses clear extracellular pathogens? How do helper cells help macrophages? CD8+ T cells? B cells?
- Once the antigen presenting cell delivers the message about the identity of the specific pathogen to the adaptive immune system, what is the mechanism of lymphocyte activation to make sure lymphocytes target that specific pathogen or toxin (Specificity)? Why does this process create a slow response during the first exposure of a pathogen?How does the general principle of physiology apply at the molecular level in the case of immunoglobulins?b) Figure 14 shows a part of acquired immune response. Pathogen P Antigen fragments MHC Antigen гесeptor. CD4 Helper T cell Activated helper T cell Figure 14 i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same antigen is identified? iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q7
- What type of lymphocyte is responsible for cell-mediatedimmunity? What are the functions of cell-mediated immunity?What is MHC? List the specific cells that have MHC presentation and describe their role in the immune response.If a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, what mechanism of action is responsible for the reaction seen in the body? O 1) IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines 2) Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues O 3) T cells respond to the inappropriate cells 4) IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis