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- Write a short explanatory essay on the following statement: “Incases of genetically programmed phenotypic plasticity, naturalselection acts on the norm of reaction. Thus the norm of reactionas a whole—rather than any one phenotype—determines ifselection is positive or negative.”in considering the interaction of multiple genes involved in complex traits and interaction with the environmental factors what does the organisms genotype represent? What does the phenotype represent? What does the environment have to do with it?What are TWO key criticisms of adoption and twin studies?