used: (a) Circuit switching; (b) Virtual circuit and datagram packet switching. The stations are hops (1 hop=4km), the signal propagation speed is 2000 km/s and the line capacity for each Assume that each packet is 512 bits long with only 12 bits of overhead.
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- 17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of 0.01 seconds for a switching network. Calculate the total data times needed when the following switching technologies are used: (a) Circuit switching; (b) Virtual circuit and datagram packet switching. The stations are separated by 3 hops (1 hop=4km), the signal propagation speed is 2000 km/s and the line capacity for each hop is 2400bps. Assume that each packet is 512 bits long with only 12 bits of overhead.17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of 0.01 seconds for a switching network. Calculate the total data times needed when the following switching technologies are used: (i) Circuit switching; (ii) Virtual circuit and datagram packet switching. The stations are separated by 3 hops (1 hop=4km), the signal propagation speed is 2000 km/s and the line capacity for each hop is 2400bps. Assume that each packet is 512 bits long with only 12 bits of overhead.17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of 0.01 seconds for a switching network. Calculate the total data times needed when the following switching technology are used: (a) Virtual circuit and datagram packet switching. [The stations are separated by 3 hops (1 hop=4km), the signal propagation speed is 2000 km/s and the line capacity for each hop is 2400bps. Assume that each packet is 512 bits long with only 12 bits of overhead.]
- A TCP connection is established through 10 wireless hops in an acoustic underwater ad hoc network. Assume that each hop is 100 meter in the average, acoustic signals travel 1500 meter per second, 10 kilobit data can be sent per second over a link, the source node has one megabyte of data to send, the receiver window size is 64 kilobytes, the maximum segment size is 1 kilobyte and the average processing delay for routing at each node is one millisecond. Assume also that the following segments do not reach the destination: 67, 112, 137. What would be the average utilization of the links for this connection if there is not another communications through them? Explain an alternative approach to increase the bandwidth utilization?A frame of 1200 bytes travel through five switches along the path. Each link has a bandwidth of 100 Mbps, a length of 100 m, and a propagation speed of 2 × 10*8 m/sec. Assuming a queuing and processing delay of 2 ms at each switch, what is the approximate end-to-end delay for this packet?A TCP PDU of length 40,513 octets (including the TCP header) is to be transmitted over a physical link between two nodes at 1,064,218,818 bps using 802.3 with an MTU of 826 octets. Assume a LLC-PDU has an overhead of 4 octets and that the IP-PDU has no options. i) How many bits are sent over the connection from the source to destination assuming only full frames are sent? ii) What is the effective data rate from the TCP-PDU point of view (to nearest integer)? iii) If the propagation time between the two nodes is 5 microseconds what is the line efficiency to 3 decimal places assuming stop and wait is used between the two nodes?
- A 1-km-long, 10-Mbps CSMA/CD LAN (i.e., Classic Ethernet)has a propagation speed of 200 m/μsec (i.e., how fast the radio signal moves on the link). Thereare no repeaters in this system. Data frames are 512 bits long, including 480 bits of payload (i.e.,effective data) and 32 bits of overhead (e.g., header, checksum, and other overhead fields). Everydata frame should be confirmed by a 64-bit ACK frame. We assume the sender needs to use onecontention slot to seize the channel before transmitting the data frame, and the receiver needsto use one contention slot to seize the channel before transmitting the ACK frame. Answer thefollowing questions: a. What is the minimum length of a contention slot in μsec? b. What is the effective data rate for the sender to send one data frame? Assume that there areno collisions. Show the calculation c. What would be the impact on the total delay and the effective data rate if we used a longerdata payload size in the data frame? Given one application…A data channel at 5 Gbps is shared by two users. Assume that each user is transmitting at 2.5Gbps data rate continuously. Each user only transmits only 30% of the time. (a) If circuit switching is used, how many users can be supported? (b) If packet switching is used, would there be queuing delay to accommodate these two users? If a third identical user is added will there be a queuing delay? (c) What is the probability that a user is sending data? (d) Now assume three users under packet switching. Compute the probability that at any given time all three are transmitting at the same time. What is the fraction of time when the queue is growing?Consider two nodes, A and B are attached to opposite ends of an 1200 meter cable with signal propagation speed is 2 x 10^8 m/sec. Frame size used by both nodes is 1500 bits including header and preambles. Assume transmission rate is 100 Mbps and there are four switches between node A and B each insert 20 bit delay as a processing time in addition to store and forward delay. If only A has packet to send, then the time taken to reach A's packet at B is?
- If a two port bridge was used in a heavy load standard Ethernet network such that the traffic is going through it. If each station is theoretically given a capacity of5Mbpsand the number of stations in each LAN segment is equal, then the number of stations in each LAN is:An Internet-service provider company uses a fiber-optic network to transmit data between locations. Data are carried through fiber-optic cables and switching nodes. A portion of the company's transmission network is shown here. The numbers above each arc show the capacity in gigabits of data per second that can be transmitted over that branch of the network. 3 4 3 4 2 4 1 2 6 5 5 3 2 7 To keep up with the volume of information transmitted between origin and destination points, use the network to determine the maximum amount of data, in gigabits per second, that may be sent from node 1 to node 7. X GB/s 1not handwritten A 3000-km long, 1 Mbps link is used to transmit 1000-bit data packets using the Selective Repeat protocol. If the speed of light in this link is 2 x 105 km/second. What is the minimum number of bits the sequence numbers should be? Assume no flow control, and negligible transmission and processing times for acknowledgments. (Take 1M = 1000,000.)