The European system of central banks' primary tool for conducting monetary policy is open market operations. It uses this tool to set the interest rate for very short-term interbank loans, which is known as the:
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- List the three traditional tools that a central bank has for controlling the money supply.How do the monetary policy tools of the European System of Central Banks compare to the monetary policytools of the Fed? Does the ECB have a discount lendingfacility? Does the ECB pay banks an interest rate ontheir deposits?Suppose a researcher discovers that a measure of thetotal amount of debt in the U.S. economy over thepast 20 years was a better predictor of inflation andthe business cycle than M1 or M2. Does this discoverymean that we should define money as equal to the totalamount of debt in the economy?
- Consider the model of supply and demand for central bank money. Assumethat there there are commercial banks. Suppose that people hold 20% of their moneyin currency and 80% of their money in deposits. The central bank sets the reserve-todeposit ratio at 10%. In the first period, the central bank increases the supply of moneyby $200, buying bonds through Open-Market Operations. Use this information to answerthe following questions:(a) For the second period (after the central bank has injected $200 in theeconomy), calculate: (i) the demand for currency, (ii) the amount of deposit held atthe commercial banks, (iii) the demand for reserves held at the central bank, and(iv) the demand for the high-powered money. How much is the additional moneysupply created at the end of the second period?2(b) How much is the additional money supply created at the end of the thirdperiod?(c) As time continues, additional money supply will be created. Calculatethe total increase in the money supply as a…Suppose the central bank is following a constantmoney-growth-rate rule and the economy is hit witha severe economic downturn. Use an aggregate supply and demand graph to show the possible effects onthe economy. How does this situation reflect on thecredibility of the central bank if it maintains the moneygrowth rule? How does it reflect on the central bank’scredibility if it abandons the money growth rule torespond to the downturn?On the 3rd May the RBA increased the official cash rate by 0.25%. The current officialcash rate as determined by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is 0.35%. Explain toJaleel What are the channels through which the cash rate influences Monetary policyand how does the monetary policy transmit to the overall economy?
- You are employed at an Economics consulting firm called Eco Xcel. You have been approached bya client who read the article below entitled, “Another big hike raises South African interest ratesnear pre-Covid levels” and who has very limited understanding of monetary policy and how itworks. He has asked you to write a report that provides some clarity on Monetary Policy in thecontext of the South African economy. Another big hike raises South African interest rates near preCOVID levels. JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) -South Africa’s central bank delivered another big interest rate hike onThursday, taking its main lending rate back near pre-COVID levels as it battles to bring inflationback to target.The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) raised its repurchase rate by 75 basis points (bps) to6.25%, in line with the forecast of the majority of economists polled by Reuters. The rand pared gains against the U.S. dollar after the decision was announced, as some tradershad positioned for a larger…The demand curve and supply curve for one-year discount bonds with a face value of $1,050 are representedby the following equations:Bd: Price = -0.8 * Quantity + 1160Bs: Price = Quantity + 720Suppose that, as a result of monetary policy actions, theFederal Reserve sells 90 bonds that it holds. Assume thatbond demand and money demand are held constant.a. How does the Federal Reserve policy affect the bondsupply equation?b. Calculate the effect on the equilibrium interest rate in this market, as a result of the FederalReserve action.D) what kind of monetary policy might be helpful to stabilize the economy ( expansionary or contractionary)? E) what specific monetary policy tools does the federal reserve have available to use in this scenario? F) explain in detal, how should the federal reserve use each ofthese tools to maximize their effect in stabilizing the economy, what will be the likely effect of each monetary tool's use on the money supply , and the resulting impact on the economy
- The central bank of Trinidad and Tobago decides to pursue acontractionary monetary policy. Provide a table with the money supply data and inflationrate for Trinidad and Tobago for 2014 - 2019.Based on the data from Trinidad, do you agree with thecentral bank’s decision to pursue a contractionary monetary policy? Explain why orwhy not.Explain the factors on which an independent central bank can havepositive impact and the factors on which it might create negativeimpact?You are employed at an Economics consulting firm called Eco Xcel. You have been approached bya client who read the article below entitled, “Another big hike raises South African interest ratesnear pre-Covid levels” and who has very limited understanding of monetary policy and how itworks. He has asked you to write a report that provides some clarity on Monetary Policy in thecontext of the South African economy. JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) -South Africa’s central bank delivered another big interest rate hike onThursday, taking its main lending rate back near pre-COVID levels as it battles to bring inflationback to target.The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) raised its repurchase rate by 75 basis points (bps) to6.25%, in line with the forecast of the majority of economists polled by Reuters. The rand pared gains against the U.S. dollar after the decision was announced, as some tradershad positioned for a larger hike.The SARB has now raised rates for the sixth time in a row, adding a total of…
