'The character "feather color" has a heritability of O in a population of crows. Given this information, which of the following may be true? A. Another population of crows may have a heritability of greater than 0 for feather color. B. All individuals of this population may have identical alleles for feather color. C. The phenotypic variation for feather color in the population with a heritability of 0 would be less than in a population with a heritability of more than 0. D. Two of the above are correct E. All of the above are correct.'
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- Which of the following statements would be true of ahuman trait that has high heritability in a populationof one country?a. The phenotypic difference within monozygotic twinpairs would be about the same as the phenotypic differences among members of dizygotic twin pairs.b. Very little phenotypic variation exists betweenmonozygotic twins but high variability exists between dizygotic twins.c. The trait would have the same heritability in a population of another countryClines in body size have been observed in manyspecies, such as the latitudinal cline in mooseshown in Figure 8.2.a. Does a cline in body size necessarily resultfrom variation in allele frequencies at loci thataffect body size? Why or why not?b. How might you determine whether a clinein body size was caused by clines in allelefrequencies?c. Say there is strong evidence that a latitudinalcline in body size in a squirrel is caused byvariation in allele frequencies. Do you thinkthat data showing how rapidly the averagebody size changes with latitude could bythemselves be used to determine how selection varies in space? Why or why not?Alkaptonuria is a recessive autosomal genetic disorder associated with darkening of the urine. In the United States, approximately 1 out of every 250,000people has alkaptonuria.a. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, estimatethe frequency of the allele responsible for this trait.b. What proportion of people in the U.S. populationare carriers for this trait? In this population, whatis the ratio of carriers to individuals affected byalkaptonuria?c. If a woman without alkaptonuria had a child withthis trait with one husband then remarried, what isthe chance that a child produced by her secondmarriage would have alkaptonuria?d. Alkaptonuria is a relatively benign condition, sothere is little selective advantage to individualswith any genotype; as a result, your assumptionof Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in part (a) is reasonable. Could you also use the assumption ofHardy-Weinberg equilibrium to estimate the allelefrequencies and carrier frequencies of more severerecessive autosomal conditions…
- Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?. A chicken breeder is working with a population in whichthe mean number of eggs laid per hen in one month is 28and the variance is 5 eggs2. The narrow-sense heritabilityis known to be 0.8. Given this information, can the breeder expect that the population will respond to selectionfor an increase in the number of eggs per hen in the nextgeneration?a. No, applying selection is always risky and a breedernever knows what to expect.b. No, a breeder needs to know the broad-senseheritability to know what to expect.c. Yes, since the narrow-sense heritability is close to1 (0.8), then we would expect selective breeding couldlead to increased egg production in the next generation.d. Yes, since the variance is greater than 0.e. Both c and d are correct.
- 1. We observe the trait of face freckles (F/f) within a population of 800 people in Mesa. For this assignment, assume freckles on the face are a heritable trait and are controlled by one gene, where F is dominant. The distribution of genotypes within this population are shown below in Table 1. Calculate the allele frequencies and the expected genotype frequencies. (Show your calculations and round to 3 decimal places). a. Allele frequencies: f (F) = p = 2(175)+304/2(800)= f (f) = q = Expected genotype frequencies: p2 = (0.409)2 = 0.167 q2 = 2pq =1. The ability to taste the compound PTC is controlled by a dominant allele T, while individuals homozygous for the recessive allele (t) cannot taste PTC. In a population consisting of 500 individuals, 347 are tasters and 153 are non-PTC tasters. Calculate the frequency of the T and t alleles in this population, and frequency of the genotypes.(Please train yourself to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation.)To present your answers, follow the format in the picture below.. Full color (D) is dominant over dilute color (d). Of 325 cats observed, 194 have full color and 131 have dilute color. a. If the cats are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the dilute allele? b. How many of the 194 cats with full color are likely heterozygous?
- Butterflies show 3 phenotypes due to incomplete dominance at the D locus with alleles DY and DB giving green phenotype in heterozygotes and yellow and blue in homozygotes b) In another population only 1% of the butterflies are blue, What is the DY allele frequency?The equation p2+ 2pq + q2= 1 representing theHardy-Weinberg proportions examines genes withonly two alleles in a population.a. Derive a similar equation describing the equilibrium proportions of genotypes for a gene withthree alleles. [Hint: Remember that the HardyWeinberg equation can be written as the binomialexpansion (p + q)2.]b. A single gene with three alleles (IA, IB, and i) isresponsible for the ABO blood groups. Individualswith blood type A can be either IA IAor IA i;those with blood type B can be either IB IBor IB i;people with AB blood are IA IB, and type O individuals are ii. Among Armenians, the frequency of IAis0.360, the frequency of IBis 0.104, and the frequencyof i is 0.536. Calculate the frequencies of individuals in this population with the four possible bloodtypes, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.In Problems 15–17, you will see that because matingbetween individuals within populations at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium is random, it is possible to predict…1.)The frequency of the R allele for round seeds in a certain population of 500 peas wasfound to be 0.45. How many of them were wrinkled? How many of them had the rr genotype? How many of them were round? 2.)In humans, a dominant allele controls the formation of a cleft chin, a Y-shaped fissurein the chin caused by an atypical bone formation in the mandible (this phenotypeis also known as a chin dimple). A survey of 1200 college students found that108 of them did not have a cleft chin. What was the frequency of heterozygotes inthat student population?