Table 17.5 The Ultrasound Properties of Various Media, Including Soft Tissue Found in the Body Density (kg/ Acoustic Impedance Speed of Ultrasound (m/ s) (ke(m² - )) Medium Air 1.3 330 429 Water 1000 1500 1.5x106 Blood 1060 1570 1.66x106 Fat 925 1450 1.34x106 Muscle (average) 1075 1.70x106 1590 Bone (varies) 1400–1900 4080 5.7x106 to 7.8x106 Barium titanate (transducer material) 5600 5500 30.8×106
Properties of sound
A sound wave is a mechanical wave (or mechanical vibration) that transit through media such as gas (air), liquid (water), and solid (wood).
Quality Of Sound
A sound or a sound wave is defined as the energy produced due to the vibrations of particles in a medium. When any medium produces a disturbance or vibrations, it causes a movement in the air particles which produces sound waves. Molecules in the air vibrate about a certain average position and create compressions and rarefactions. This is called pitch which is defined as the frequency of sound. The frequency is defined as the number of oscillations in pressure per second.
Categories of Sound Wave
People perceive sound in different ways, like a medico student takes sound as vibration produced by objects reaching the human eardrum. A physicist perceives sound as vibration produced by an object, which produces disturbances in nearby air molecules that travel further. Both of them describe it as vibration generated by an object, the difference is one talks about how it is received and other deals with how it travels and propagates across various mediums.
(a) Using the values for density and the speed of ultrasound shown, show that the acoustic impedance of fat tissue is indeed 1.34×106 kg/(m2 ·s) .
(b) Calculate the intensity reflection coefficient of ultrasound when going from fat to muscle tissue.
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