Suppose that you and a friend play a matching pennies game in which each of you uncovers a penny. If both pennies show heads or both show tails, you keep both. If one shows heads and the other shows tails, your friend keeps them. Show the pay- off matrix. What, if any, is the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium to this game? Is there a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium? If so, what is it?
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- Two companies are playing an entry game. In the first stage of the game the incumbent firm decides whether to invest in new robotic equipment, which will lower its marginal cost of production. In the second stage, a potential rival decides whether to enter the market. o If the incumbent firm chooses to invest and the rival firm does not enter the market, the incumbent makes 8 million in profits. o If the incumbent firm chooses to invest and the rival firm enters the market, the incumbent makes 2 million in profits, and the rival firm looses 1 million. o If the incumbent firm chooses NOT to invest and the rival firm does not enter the market, the incumbent makes 10 million in profits. o If the incumbent firm chooses NOT to invest and the rival firm enters the market, both the incumbent firm and the rival firm make 4 million each. (a) Draw a decision tree for this game. (b) Use backward induction to solve the game. What is the rival best strategy? What is the incumbent best strategy? (C)…Mimi wants to support her son Jeff if he looks for work but not otherwise. Jeff (unlike most young people) wants to try to find a job only if his mother will not support his life of indolence. Mimi and Jeff's payoff matrix is illustrated in the figure to the right. If Jeff and Mimi choose actions simultaneously, what are the pure- or mixed-strategy Nash equilibria? Determine the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium for this game. O A. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support and Jeff to loaf. B. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support and Jeff to look for work. OC. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to not support and Jeff to look for work. D. This game has no Nash equilibria. E. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to not support and Jeff to loaf. Determine the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium for this game. The mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support with probability 0M = and for Jeff to look for work with probability 0₁ = (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal…2. Consider the following game. Two criminals are thinking about pulling off a bank robbery. The take from the bank would be $20,000 each, but the job requires two people (one to rob the bank and one to drive the getaway car. Each criminal could instead rob a liquor store. The take from robing a liquor store is only $1000 but can be done with one person acting alone. Write the payoff matrix of this game Player A Bank job Liqour store Player B Bank job Liquor store a. What are the Nash equilibria in this game? b. Explain why there can be multiple equilibria in this game. c. How the game will be played if mixed strategies are allowed? Discuss.
- GAME 5 Player B B2 B1 Player A A1 7, 3 5, 10 A2 3, 8 9, 6 In Game 5 above, O there are no Nash equilibria in pure strategies. Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium. O Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B1 is a Nash equilibrium. O Player A choosing A2 and Player B choosing B1 is a Nash equilibrium.Consider the following sequential game: Player 1 plays first and can choose between L and R. Player 2 plays second and can choose between U and D. • If player 1 chooses L, player 2 does not get to play and both players get £1. If player 1 plays R, player 2 gets to play. If player 2 plays U then both players get £2. If player 2 plays D then player 2 gets £3 and player 1 gets £0. What the the outcome of the subgame perfect equilibrium? O a. £3-£0 O b. £1-£1 O c. This game does not have a subgame-perfect Nash-equilibrium. O d. £0-£3 O e. £2-£21. Consider the game where initially She chooses between "Stay Home" and "Go Out". If She chooses "Stay Home" then She gets 2 and He gets 0. If She chooses "Go Out" then they each simultaneously choose "Movie" or "Concert" where the payoffs are 0,1 or 3 as in the Battle of the Sexes Game. What are the subgame perfect Nash Equilibria of this game ?
- Use the following game table to answer the question: Player 2 Y 6, 3 1, 3 A 10, 5 0,0 Player 1 B 2,6 0,0 3,5 3, 4 3, 3 Is the Nash equilibrium of this game for Player 1 to choose A and Player 2 to choose X? Why or why not? O It is; if Player 2 chose B or C they would get less than 10, and if Player 1 chose Y or Z they would get less than 5. It is not; Player 2 could get 6, instead of 5, if they chose B. O It is; if Player 1 chose B or C they would get less than 10, and if Player 2 chose Y or Z they would get less than 5. It is; if Player 2 chose B or C they would get less than 5, and if Player 1 chose Y or Z they would get less than 10. It is not; Player 1 could get 6, instead of 5, if they chose B.Game Theory and Strategic Choices – End of Chapter Problem The Old Familiar and The Beehive are the only two bistros in town. Each is trying to decide whether or not it should advertise in the local newspaper. The accompanying payoff table gives their weekly profits under each possible outcome. The Beehive The Beehive does advertise does not advertise The Old Familiar The Old Familiar earns $X in profits. earns $3,500 in profits. The Old Familiar does advertise The Beehive The Beehive earns $Y in profits. earns $2,250 in profits. The Old Familiar The Old Familiar earns $2,000 in profits. earns $2,500 in profits. The Old Familiar does not advertise The Beehive The Beehive earns $4,000 in profits. earns $3,500 in profits. a. Which combination or combinations of X and Y would make a situation in which The Old Familiar does not advertise and The Beehive advertises a Nash equilibrium?A Nash equilibrium occurs when O no player has an incentive to unilaterally change strategies. each player has an incentive to unilaterally change strategies. O both players can cooperate to increase their payoffs. O no player can earn a higher payoff from any other strategy.
- Question 4. Zeynep and Mehmet will eventually play the following game. Mehmet L R U 3,1 0,0 Zeynep D 0,3 1,3 In a preliminary stage, Zeynep has already asked Mehmet to allow her to move first and proposed to pay him 1 unit of her own payoff in exchange. So Mehmet has to options: • If he accepts Zeynep's offer: they will play the sequential move version of the above game in which Zeynep moves first. Mehmet will receive 1 unit of utility more, and Zeynep will receive 1 unit of utility less (in any outcome of the game) compared to the payoffs given in the bimatrix. 2 • If he rejects Zeynep's offer: they will play the simultaneous move game. a. Represent this strategic interaction in a game tree. b. How many information sets does each player have? c. Characterize the set of pure strategies for both players. d. Present this game as a normal-form game, and characterize the set of pure strategy Nash equi- libria.Consider the following simultaneous game. a. b. C. d. Player 1 U Player 2 L 8,8 3,0 R 3,3 8,3 What are the pure-strategy Nash equilibria? Identify. Find whether there are any mixed-strategy equilibria. Assume now the game above is being modified as a sequential game where player 1 would move first and player 2 second. Find all Nash and subgame perfect equilibria for the game. Would a Nash equilibrium always be Pareto efficient? Use your answer in (a) to explain.GAME UUU B1 Player B B2 A1 7,13 5, 10 A2 3,8 9,16 Player A A3 5,8 4,7 In Game UUU (see table above), assuming players move simultaneously, Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B3 is a Nash equilibrium. Player A choosing A3 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium. Both Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B1 and Player A choosing A2 and player B choosing B2 are Nash equilibria in pure strategies Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium.