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- Cladogram Example p outgroup root. о Тахоn 1 branch B O Taxon 2 Ingroup O = internal node C O = terminal node (tip) (ancestor) О Тахоп 3A. Basic Phylogenetic Tree Construction: Create a phylogenetic tree which best represent the data provided: Species Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4 Guinca pir present present albsent present Camel alosent absent present absent Capvbara prescnt present absent present Species Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyne 3 Enzyme 4 Opusurn present presenl pnesent present Plalypus ppresent present pnesent alsennt Chit ken prment atrent ataent atrsent B. Encircle Monophyletic groups that can be found in this tree. Angus cattle White-tailed deer Blue whale Pygmy hippopotamus Extinct Wild boar Mammal Alpaca Based on the phylogenetic tree above, what species is most related to the blue whale?Use the information and model to answer the following question. Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. A CDE F GH в I 2 |5 Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? O A. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the same height. O B. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. C. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch c because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. D. The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they…
- Activity 3. Understanding the Cladogram Direction: Examine the illustration below and answer the questions thereafter. Fixt Amphibiats Reptites Dirds Rodentu Primles Fou shells FHair / fur Arriruote agg Four lintas Vorlebrao Eskaryntes Fig. 1. A cladogram of some familiar animals. Retnieved from https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standand-level/topic-5-evolution-and-biodi/54-cladistics/cladograms.html Activity Questions: 1. What characteristics do primates and rodents have in common? 2. Which Rodents? of animals are birds more closely related to? Reptiles or group 3. What do amphibians, reptiles, birds, rodents, and primates have in common? 4. What characteristic is unique only to birds and reptiles? 5. Fish and primates have a common ancestor. What characteristic does this ancestor have?A ASSIGNMENT1 2021.pdf C:/Users/mulweli/Desktop/ASSIGNMENT1%202021.pdf +. E D Page view A Read aloud | V Draw Highlight VUESTIONZ DISTEVATICS Explain the aim of a branch of biology called systematics. (2) ANSWER: 2.1 2.2 FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS 2.2.1 is the process of categorizing phylogenetic information into a retrieval system consisting of many hierarchical levels or ranks. (2) ANSWER: 2.2.2 Identifying organisms and assigning names to them comprise the activity called (2) ANSWER: 2.2.3 The goal of is to identify evolutionary patterns that unite organisms. (2) ANSWER: ANSWER: 2.2.4 These three fields of inquiry (above questions) are means by which evaluates patterns of diversity. (2) ANSWER: QUESTION 3 TAXONOMY THE INGLE MOST APPROPRIATE LETTER. USE ONLY LETTERS.Activity 4. The Cladogram Direction: With the cladogram below as a basis, answer the following questions in the space provided. Skin shields Two Horn moil bogsvih ya Horn owi tarl A hypothetieal cladogram with taxa designated as the letters O, A, B, C, and D. Retrieved from Kardong (2012) Fig. 1. Which is the outgroup here? O, A, B, C, or D? 2. Which is the sister of the group of D? 3. Grouping A, B, and D together (excluding C) creates which kind of grouping? 4. Which taxa share the characteristic of "skin shields"? 5. What characteristic is homologous among A, B, C, and D? 30 6. Write down the taxa that would make a paraphyletic grouping. 7. Write down the taxa that would make a monophyletic grouping. 8. Which characteristic is absent in O but is a homologous characteristic among A, B, C, and D? 9. Which is a unique characteristic present in A, B, and C which is absent in D? 10. Will grouping O, A, B, C, and D create a valid clade?
- Directions: Examine the chart below: 0 means the trait is absent, 1 means the trait is present. Notice that a couple of things are different from the previous charts. Firstly, the derived traits and species name have switched axis. Secondly, you will see that in this chart there are derived traits that have evolved independently in different organisms. Use the principle of maximum parsimony to make a draft of the cladogram. The theory of maximum parsimony states that the simplest explanation consistent with the data should be examined first. The most parsimonious trees require the fewest evolutionary events. Construct your own cladogram using the information from the chart as a guide. Derived Trait 1 2 3 4 6. 7 8 Lamprey Salmon 1 1 1 Tuna 1 1 1 Mackerel 1 Trout 1 1 1 1 Halibut 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-Assign the correct phylogenetic term to this image. In this image, the red circles represent species included in the taxon while the white ones are not included in the taxon. The pink bars represent the lineages presented in the taxon. monophyletic O prophylactic polyphyletic paraphyleticDrawing of organism: Domain: Kingdom: Division/Phylum: bsovnos brs wollod (mo01 od ot wollsy suer toos ons Genus: Species: Distinguishing features: nd isb seaUsz to elmetsioleeim possesses Common name: Scientific name: Drawing of organism: Domain: Kingdom: onntiv of chiorophyll pigts Division/Phylum: hich inay or may not incude cond or ovetho which are thick.cylindrical, and spongy, dar'sgro Codium fregile (dead man's Genus: Species: Distinguishing features: Common name: bau2 b Scientific name:
- Based on the information from the following table and the provided phylogenetic tree, what kind of species classification is shown? A B C D E F G H 1 J K L M N O Form of Male Genitalia 1 1 L L L L L L L L L L L L L r T Pits) or Tubercles E P P T T T T T P P P P P Р P P O Phenetic Species Concept O Blological Species Concept O Phylogenetic Species Concept O Sympatric Species Concept Blayple (OUTGROUP) beaver Dan, AZ -Twentynine Paime, CA -Harkavilla, UT D-Chilchinbio, NM -Vermilion Cas. AZ 64 -F-Mone Lake, CA -G-Coral Pink Danes, UT H-Pyramid Lake, N -Crescent Dunes, MV Meno Lake CA -K-Olancha CA -Olancha, CA --Winnemucca, NV -El Mirage, CA Lo-Dumont Dunes, CA Form of dorsal ridges M₁ M₁ FFFFFFFFFF M Ma M₂ M₂Qurion 20 Wrich of the foliowing conclusions is NOT supported whenu derived character iu marked on a poirnt in the cladogram represented by point yin the diogrum below? E C B. O . All groups that coma aftar that point an the ciadogram shara that darivaci character. O b. Groups that divarged oortior than that paint have an ancostral or a difforont derivod form of the character. O C Al groups thot diverge after that point represent a polyphyletie lineage. O d. The common ancestor at that point in tima ovoved that dorivod characterof this =rab or ditions ionary escen- se or 5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures in our own species. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past. Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species.