Some of the first vaccines against COVID-19 are based on RNA molecules that code for the production of the SARS-CoV-2spike protein. The RNA molecules are modified so that one base is replaced with an alternative.What base is most likely to need to be replaced?OthymineO guanineuracilO cytosineO adenine

An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response.…

Answered: Some of the first vaccines against…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.
During the development process of a vaccine for the newly discovered Sars-COV-2 (COVID- 19) virus, pharmaceutical companies developed two potential vaccine candidates, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2. Some researchers postulated that BNT162b2 will be more ef- fective than Ad26.COV2 because only BNT162b2 directly targets the protein-manufactur- ing mechanisms in the cell. To test this claim, researchers proposed an experiment in which data will be collected about the efficacy of the two vaccine candidates. In the proposed study, two groups of mice will be randomly assigned one of the vaccine candidates and then infected with the virus. Data about the severity of symptoms in each group will then be collected. Which of the following describes a potential method for measuring the dependent variable in this experimental design? A B с D measure the amount of virus administered to each group measure the time between vaccine administration and virus infection in each group measure the amount of vaccine…
Two of the vaccines being used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection (the virus causing COVID-19 disease) are made of RNA sequences derived from the viral genome, which are translated into antigenic proteins in the recipient's muscle cells. This is an example of a(n): Nucleic acid vaccine Inactivated whole-agent vaccine Attenuated whole-agent vaccine Toxoid vaccine Conjugated vaccine
How the use of the nucleic acid vaccine gives protection against diseases like COVID-19. Please briefly explain at your own words.
If you wanted to make an assay detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus presence, like the assay shown in the previous question, what would be a logical combination of things to include in your list of supplies to obtain? rabbit anti-SARS-cov2 spike antibody, anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody, tetramethylbenzidine rabbit anti-SARS-cov2 spike antibody, anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase conjugated antibody, tetramethylbenzidine rabbit anti-SARS-cov2 spike antibody, anti-rabbit SARS-cov2 spike antibody, tetramethylbenzidine SARS-cov2 spike, anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody, tetramethylbenzidine rabbit anti-SARS-cov2 spike horseradish peroxidase conjugated antibody, anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugated antibody, tetramethylbenzidine
To probe for presence tubulin in protein samples by western blot you use a anti tubulin monoclonal antibody. Which of the following secondary antibody should be used? one produced by a sheep immunized with goat antibodies. one produced by a donkey immunized with rabbit antibodies one produced by a goat immunized with mouse antibodies one produced by a frog immunized with hamster antibodies
Many pharmaceutical companies are trying to produce vaccine against Corona virus (COVID-19) but they are facing problems to find an effective, safe and universal vaccine. Explain
How the use of the nucleic acid vaccine gives protection against diseases like COVID-19. Please explain it?
Serum from individuals with high levels of antibody to SARS-CoV2 has been used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is ONE way (there are several) that passive immunization with the antibody to the virus could help these patients? HINT: think about what opsonization with antibody could do for the innate immune response.
please help explain would SARS-CoV-2 N-nucleocasid protein be good target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development ?and why
The vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b is called a conjugate vaccine. It is composed of the tetanus toxoid protein conjugated to the capsular polysaccharide of the H. influenzae type b bacteria. When used to vaccinate infants, the antibody response generated by this vaccine would include 0 0 0 0 antibodies that bind only to the protein-polysaccharide conjugate in the vaccine. antibodies to the tetanus toxoid only. antibodies to the bacterial polysaccharide and the tetanus toxoid. antibodies to the bacterial polysaccharide only.
When an antibody binds to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, it may block access of the spike protein to the ACE2 protein on human cells. This is one way an antibody can prevent the virus from attaching to and getting inside of human cells. But antibodies can do more than just block virus entry. Due to the symmetrical structure of the immunoglobulin molecule, it can bind to two antigen molecules simultaneously, like this: As a result, antibodies can cross-link multiple viruses in a three-dimensional network. Using this diagram as a starting point, draw several additional viruses and antibodies to illustrate what a cross-linked antigen-antibody complex might look like.

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