Select the FOUR statements below that describe an individual who does not require insulin injections (insulin independent). Please explain. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to decreased blood glucose levels. Urine samples indicate high levels of glucose. Urine samples indicate no glucose. Muscle, liver cells, and adipose tissue are permeable to glucose. Muscle, liver, cells and adipose tissue are impermeable to glucose. Water excretion is normal. Extra water is excreted.

Select the FOUR statements below that describe an individual who does not require insulin injections (insulin independent). Please explain. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to decreased blood glucose levels. Urine samples indicate high levels of glucose. Urine samples indicate no glucose. Muscle, liver cells, and adipose tissue are permeable to glucose. Muscle, liver, cells and adipose tissue are impermeable to glucose. Water excretion is normal. Extra water is excreted.

Ebk:Nutrition & Diet Therapy

10th Edition

ISBN:9780357391747

Author:DEBRUYNE

Publisher:DEBRUYNE

Chapter21: Carbohydrate- Controlled Diets For Diabetes Mellitus

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SC

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Select the FOUR statements below that describe a patient who does not require insulin injections (insulin independent). Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to decreased blood glucose levels. Urine samples indicate high levels of glucose. Urine samples indicate no glucose. Muscle, liver cells, and adipose tissue are permeable to glucose. Muscle, liver, cells and adipose tissue are impermeable to glucose. Water excretion is normal. Extra water is excreted.
Identify: The mechanism of action for insulin The types of insulin The peak time for each insulin When each insulin is prescribed
While insulin levels are primarily regulated by blood glucose, other factors are also able to influence insulin levels. Briefly describe the major positive and negative factors.
Select the one statement below that describe a patient who does not require insulin injections (insulin independent). Muscle, liver cells, and adipose tissue are permeable to glucose. Muscle, liver, cells and adipose tissue are impermeable to glucose.
Discuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain the reasons for the sign/symptoms seen in diabetes. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Type 1 - causes ,incidence Type 2 - cause, incidence Lack of insulin to blood glucose levels rise ( hyperglycaemia e.g. 20mmol/or more); glucose can not move into cells to provide energy for metabolic reactions. Link to symptoms, e.g. tiredness, hunger. Glucose excreted in urine ( exceeds renal threshold). Link to polyuria,thirst,dehydration - protein broken down to form more glucose (gluconeogenesis): provides energy to cells. -Link Fats broken down to FFA and glycerol for glucose production (gluconeogenesis). Link to weight loss. Link excess ketone bodies formed from fat break down to ketoacidosis. Link to ketone in urine (ketonuria), vomiting, coma.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding Storage Instructions for Insulin (select all what applies): All unopened vials or pen devices should be stored in the refrigerator. Commercially available insulins are stable at room temperature for 28 days. Fibrils are insoluble precipitates of insulin aggregates that have the same biological activity. Storage of opened insulin vials at -20°C extends the expiration date to 4 months
e. Given her recent diagnosis, Julia finds it difficult to administer an appropriate amount of insulin. Before every meal, Julia carries out the following procedure. 1. Measures her blood glucose level 2. Estimates the mass of glucose in her meal 3. Injects the quantity of insulin required to metabolise the amount of glucose in her meal. She then measures her blood glucose level again two hours after her meal. Julia records all this information on an app on her smartphone. The chart below was obtained from the app on her smartphone after 24 hours. ii. Concentration (mmol/L) i. 30 25 20 15 5 0 10 Blood glucose before eating Insulin injected Blood glucose two hours after eating Breakfast Lunch Dinner Dessert Identify the meal estimated by Julia to contain the lowest amount of glucose and give a reason. Suggest two reasons why Julia's blood glucose level was 15 mmol/L in two hours after dinner.
A person is suspected with diabetes mellitus. He checks his blood glucose level by gluceose oxidase method. After the experiment, OD of his blood sample was obtained as 0.08. Based on the glucose standard curve seen in the virtual lab, calculate his blood glucose level. Is he had diabetes mellitus? (Note: Normal blood glucose level in our body is 70-110mg/dl).
Please specify how hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism occur. Why is the iodine important for homeostasis? What is the appropriate drugs to treat hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among the below drugs: Peroxidine: A drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase from functioning Cimigine: A drug that inhibits potassium/iodine cotransporter Iodimine: A drug that inhibits iodinase from functioning Aldosine: A drug that inhibits production of angiotensinogen from the liver Aldoramine: A drug that inhibits sodium/iodine cotransporter Thyromine: A drug that stimulates thyroglobulin production Thank you,
Describe the steps to follow when injecting insulin using an insulin pen.
Describe the cellular events leading to release of insulin and the outcome on glucose metabolism in hepatocytes, myocytes and adipocytes in relation to health and disease states.
Patients with either Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes may experience problems if their blood sugar becomes extremely high. This condition is called hyperglycemia. The table below depicts different treatment options to prevent hyperglycemia for patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and the rationale behind the treatment. Select the row that correctly identifies the treatment for each form of diabetes and explains why the treatment is effective. Select one: a. Type 1 Treatment Type 2 Treatment Reason Lifestyle change - eating better and increasing exercise Insulin monitoring and periodic insulin shot Type 1 can be controlled by managing lifestyle choices, whereas Type 2 is caused by decreased functioning of beta cells and therefore less insulin is produced. b. Type 1 Treatment Type 2 Treatment Reason Beta cell replacement surgery Alpha cell replacement surgery Type 1 involves the reduction of beta cells in the body, whereas Type 2 is caused by decreased functioning of alpha…