Required: (Ignore income taxes.) 1-a. Determine the present value of net cash flows using the total-cost approach. (Hint. Use Microsoft Excel to calculate the discount factor(s).) (Enter any cash outflows with a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round final answers to the nearest dollar amount.)
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- An oil refinery finds that it is necessary to treat the waste liquids from a new process before discharging them into a stream. The treatment will cost $30,000 the first year, but process improvements will allow the costs alternative, an outside company will process the wastes for the fixed price of $15,000/year throughout the 15 year period, payable at the beginning of each year. Either way, there is no need to treat the wastes after 15 years. Use the annual worth method to determine how the wastes should be processed. The company's MARR is 12%. decline by $3,000 each year. As an Click the icon to view the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when the MARR is 12% per year. The AW of the in-house treatment is S (Round to the nearest dollar) The AW of the outside treatment is S (Round to the nearest dollar.) The processing is the most economical alternativeGeorgia Ceramic Company has an automatic glaze sprayer that has been used for the past 10 years. The sprayer can be used for another 10 years and will have a zero salvage value at that time. The annual operating and maintenance costs for the sprayer amount to $15,000 per year. Due to an increase in business, a new sprayer must be purchased, either in addition to or as a replacement for the old sprayer.• Option 1: If the old sprayer is retained, a new, smaller capacity sprayer will be purchased at a cost of $48,000; this new sprayer will have a $5.000 salvage value in 10 years and annual operating and maintenance costs of $12,000. The old sprayer has a current market value of $6.000.• Option 2: If the old sprayer is sold, a new sprayer of larger capacity will be purchased for $84,000. This sprayer will have a $9,000 salvage value in 10 years and annual operating and maintenance costs of $24,000.Which option should be selected at MARR = 12%?Georgia Ceramic Company has an automatic glaze sprayer that has been used for the past 10 years. The sprayer can be used for another 10 years and will have a zero salvage value at that time. The annual operating and maintenance costs for the sprayer amount to $15,000 per year. Due to an increase in business, a new sprayer must be purchased, either in addition to or as a replacement for the old sprayer. Option 1: H the old sprayer is retained, a new, smaller capacity sprayer willbe purchased at a cost of $48,000; this new sprayer will have a $5.000 salvage value in I 0 years and annual operating and maintenance costs of $12.000. The old sprayer has a current market value of $6.000.Option 2: If the old sprayer is sold, a new sprayer of larger capacity will bepurchased for $84,000. This sprayer will have a $9,000 salvage value in 10years and annual operating and maintenance costs of $24,000.Which option should be selected at MARR = 12%?
- The Georgia Ceramic Company has anautomatic glaze sprayer that has been used for thepast 10 years. The sprayer can be used for another10 years and will have a zero salvage value at thattime. The annual operating and maintenance costsfor the sprayer amount to $15,000 per year. Due toan increase in business, a new sprayer must be purchased. Georgia Ceramic is faced with two options.• Option 1: If the old sprayer is retained, a newsmaller capacity sprayer will be purchased at a costof $48,000, and it will have a $5,000 salvage valuein 10 years. This new sprayer will have annualoperating and maintenance costs of $12,000. Theold sprayer has a current market value of $6,000.• Option 2: If the old sprayer is sold, a newsprayer of larger capacity will be purchased for$84,000. This sprayer will have a $9,000 salvagevalue in 10 years and will have annual operatingand maintenance costs of $24,000.Which option should be selected at MARR = 15%?Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.An ice plant bought a freon compressor. The estimated life of the compressor is 15 years. An investigation reveals that the new compressors are very much improved during that time. However, this compressor is still in good condition. It can be sold for an estimated price of $1,200 or it can be kept and operated for 2 more years. A new compressor of the same capacity may be purchased to replace it at a cost completely installed for $18,000. If the old machine operates at $1,200 per year and the new machine at $600 per year, and the salvage value is 10% of first cost, what is the rate of return on additional investment and should it be replaced?
- Kingsville plans to buy a street-cleaning machine. A used cleaning vehicle will cost $80,000 and have a $10,000 salvage value at the end of its five year life. A new system with advanced features will cost $160,000 and have a $45,000 salvage value at the end of its five year life. The new system is expected to reduce labor hours compared with the used system. Current street cleaning activity requires the used system to operate 8 hours per day for 20 days per month. Labor costs $50 per hour and MARR is 12% per year. Find the breakeven labor hours for the new system. USE SOLVER FUNCTION IN EXCELA certain factory building has an old lightingsystem. Lighting the building currently costs, on average, $20,000 a year. A lighting consultant tells thefactory supervisor that the lighting bill can be reducedto $8,000 a year if $50,000 is invested in new lightingin the building. If the new lighting system is installed,an incremental maintenance cost of $3,000 per yearmust be taken into account. The new lighting systemhas zero salvage value at the end of its life. If the oldlighting system also has zero salvage value, and thenew lighting system is estimated to have a life of 20years, what is the net annual benefit for this investment in new lighting? Take the MARR to be 12%.Assume the old lighting system will last 20 years.6.43 Your company needs a machine for the nextseven years, and you have two choices (assume anannual interest rate of 15%).• Machine A costs $100,000 and has an annual operating cost of $47,000. Machine A has a useful lifeof seven years and a salvage value of…A packaging factory is considering the replacement of some equipment. The new plan is to install equipment to produce a new can that uses less energy and less metal than the old one. Current equipment was installed 5 years ago for $100 million and can be sold for $35 million. Due to obsolescence the depreciation of this equipment results in an annual depreciation of $4 million for the next years. If you keep this equipment for one more year your operating and maintenance costs will be $65 million increasing by $3 million/year each year thereafter. The new equipment will cost $130 million, with an economic life of 8 years and a salvage value of $10 million. Its operating and maintenance costs will be $49 million. For a TMAR = 15% p.a. what new equipment should be installed? Make a recommendation about it. (Answer: The solution would be to use the current equipment for another two years and then exchange it for new equipment.
- Bilboa Freightlines, S.A., of Panama, has a small truck that it uses for intracity deliveries. The truck is worn out and must be either overhauled or replaced with a new truck. The company has assembled the following information: Purchase cost new Remaining book value Overhaul needed now Annual cash operating costs Salvage value-now Salvage value-five years from now If the company keeps and overhauls its present delivery truck, then the truck will be usable for five more years. If a new truck is purchased, it will be used for five years, after which it will be traded in on another truck. The new truck would be diesel-operated, resulting in a substantial reduction in annual operating costs, as shown above. The company computes depreciation on a straight-line basis. All investment projects are evaluated using a 7% discount rate. Click here to view Exhibit 13B-1 and Exhibit 13B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables. Present Truck $ 31,000 $ 24,000 $ 23,000 $…Cori's Dog House is considering the installation of a new computerized pressure cooker for hot dogs. The cooker will increase sales by $18,600 per year and will have variable costs of $1,700 per year. Fixed costs are $950. The system will cost $50,400 to purchase and install. This system is expected to have a 5-year life and will be depreciated to zero using straight-line depreciation and have no salvage value. The tax rate is 21 percent. Please provide a pro forma financial statement to Cash Flows from Operations for the life of the pressure cooker. PLEASE ANSWER THIS QUESTION IN EXCEL FORMULA, NOT ALGEBRAICALLY!More Info Fund Series Amount Factor Recovery Factor Present Amount Factor Present Worth Factor Present Worth Factor Factor Worth Factor Factor ToFind A Given P To Find F To Find P Given G P/G To Find A Given G To Find F To Find A Given F To Find P To Find P Given P Given F Given A Given A F/P P/F FIA PIA A/F A/P A/G 1.0500 0.9524 1.0000 0.9524 1.0000 1.0500 0.0000 0.0000 1.1025 0.9070 2.0500 0.4878 0.3172 1.8594 0.5378 0.9070 0.4878 al 3 1.1576 0.8638 3.1525 2.7232 0.3672 2.6347 0.9675 4. 1.2155 0.8227 4.3101 3.5460 0.2320 0.2820 5.1028 1.4391 1.2763 0.7835 5.5256 4.3295 0.1810 0.2310 8.2369 1.9025 6. 1.3401 0.7462 6.8019 5.0757 0.1470 0.1970 11.9680 2.3579 1.4071 0.7107 8.1420 5.7864 0.1228 0.1728 16.2321 2.8052 8. 1.4775 0.6768 9.5491 6.4632 0.1047 0.1547 20.9700 3.2445 1.5513 0.6446 11.0266 7.1078 0.0907 0.1407 26.1268 3.6758 10 1.6289 0.6139 12.5779 7.7217 0.0795 0.1295 31.6520 4.0991 11 1.7103 0.5847 14.2068 8.3064 0.0704 0.1204 37.4988 4.5144 12 1.7959 0.5568 15.9171 8.8633…