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- 12. Which of the following production function shows decreasing returns to scale? (a) f(r) = min{x1, 12}. 1/4 (b) f(z) = xỉ + x}/2 1/4 1/2 (c) f(x) = r1 + xj"x (d) f(x) = VE +a3.Problem 5 The production function of COVID vaccines for firm O is given by v° = VKL. and requires at least one unit of labor L and one unit of capital K, i.e. L>1 und K > 1. a) After a year and some thorough research, the production function changes to VO = V4KL. (I) Compute the marginal products with respect to labor L and capital K for both production functions ! (II) Which company's the marginal products is/are larger ? What happened to the original level of production after a year ? (III) Do the production functions exhibit increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale ? b) Suppose now, we compare production functions of company O that discovered the vaccine to a second company M. The production function of M is given by VM = K0.6 L0.4 (I) Compute the marginal products with respect to labor L and capital K for this pro- duction function ! (II) If both companies used the same equal amount of labor L and capital K, which of them will generate more output ? (III) If the…What is the difference between economies of scale andeconomies of scope? How do firms consider these wheninvesting in processes?
- 4:34 D *3 all 100% I 2. 3 When the inputs price ratio (slope of cost line) is greater than the MRTS, (MPK/PK > MPL/PL) the producer should use .. to minimize the cost. A More labar C Mare labor and more capital B More Capital D| None of the above 4 The optimal production method A maximizes output regardiess of cost C minimizes the normal rate of return B| maximizes inputs. Dminimizes cost 5. Refer to the information provided in the following figure, If this firm's cost of labor is $10 per unit, and the isocost line represents a total cost 2000. How much is the cost of capital per unit? 100 q-300 -200 -100 200 Units of labor Linits of capitalSuppose that a food manufacturing company produces two goods, A and B, using the same plant and labor. The total cost of producing A and B is give by: (in the picture) Is this total cost function consistent with the present of increasing or decreasing returnsto scale13. Suppose you have a production technology given by f(x1, x2) = min{2x₁, x2} and you are producing at the point where x₁ = 10 and x₂ = 20. (a) Explain in words what we mean (generally) by the ‘marginal product' of an input in production. (b) For the production technology in this question and the initial point x₁ = 10 and x2 = 20, what is the marginal product of a small increase in input 1? (c) Suppose input 2 increases and you are now at the initial point x₁ = 10 and x2 = 30. Relative to your answer in part (b), does the marginal product of input 1 decrease, increase, or stay constant? Explain briefly.
- Suppose that the dollar cost of producing x appliances is c(x) = 1000 + 70x-0.1x². a. Find the average cost per appliance of producing the first 100 appliances. b. Find the marginal cost when 100 appliances are produced. c. Show that the marginal cost when 100 appliances are produced is approximately the cost of producing one more appliance after the first 100 have been made, by calculating the latter cost directly. CUCKO The average cost per appliance of producing the first 100 appliances is $ (Round to the nearest cent as needed.) /appliance.Saved Suppose a firm has only three possible plant-size options, represented by the ATC curves shown in the figure. What plant size will the firm choose in producing (a) 50, (b) 130, (c) 160, and (d) 250 units of output? Average Costs 50 40 30 ATC ATC ATC, 20 10 130 160 250 50 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 Output a. 50 units of output: (Click to select) b. 130 units of output: (Click to select) c. 160 units of output: (Click to select) d. 250 units of output: (Click to select) ATCTen-year old Sarah is starting a lemonade stand, she uses baskets of lemons (L) and other ingredients (O). She is able to produce lemonade according to the production function f(L, O) = 1 2 L 2O. The cost of a basket of lemons is $10 and the average cost of the other goods is $4. (a) Derive MPL and MPO. (b) Currently Sarah is using 4 baskets of lemons and 40 units of the other goods. Using this information, calculate MPL and MPO. (c) True/False. At her current use of inputs Sarah is minimizing costs. If true, explain why. If false, what would you recommend Sarah do? (d) Sarah wants to produce 320 units of lemonade. Determine the cost minimizing combination of inputs to use. (e) Assuming no changes in the market price of lemonade nor in the prices of the inputs, if Sarah continues to produce 320 units of lemonade in the long run, what will Sarah’s long run costs be.