Project 1: Caesar Cipher
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A: The answer is as follows.
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A: the answer is given below:-
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A: The code is give below
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A: the answer is given below:-
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A: NOTE: Code run successfully. Please use proper indentation for no error. I have attached source code...
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A: The solution to the given problem is below.
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A: Algorithm and flowchart of the above questions are as follows:
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A: The answer is
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A: The program is written in C Language. Please find the source code and output in the following steps.
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A: The solution to the given problem is below.
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A: answer is
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A: The answer is given below
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A: Let's discuss the solution in the next steps
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A: According to the information given:- We have to define three FPU special-purpose registers.
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- Revorse the vewels def reverse_vowels(text): Given a text string, create and return a new string constructed by finding all its vowels (for simplicity, in this problem vowels are the letters found in the string 'aeiouAEIOU') and reversing their order, while keeping all other characters exactly as they were in their original positions. However, to make the result look prettier, the capitalization of each moved vowel must be the same as that of the vowel that was originally in the target position. For example, reversing the vowels of 'Ilkka' should produce 'Alkki' instead of 'alkkI'. Applying this operation to random English sentences seems to occasionally give them a curious pseudo-Mediterranean vibe.Along with many possible other ways to perform this square dance, one straightforward way to reverse the vowels starts with collecting all vowels of text into a separate list, and initializing the result to an empty string. After that, iterate through all positions of the original text.…Revorse the vewels def reverse_vowels(text): Given a text string, create and return a new string constructed by finding all its vowels (for simplicity, in this problem vowels are the letters found in the string 'aeiouAEIOU') and reversing their order, while keeping all other characters exactly as they were in their original positions. However, to make the result look prettier, the capitalization of each moved vowel must be the same as that of the vowel that was originally in the target position. For example, reversing the vowels of 'Ilkka' should produce 'Alkki' instead of 'alkkI'. Applying this operation to random English sentences seems to occasionally give them a curious pseudo-Mediterranean vibe. Along with many possible other ways to perform this square dance, one straightforward way to reverse the vowels starts with collecting all vowels of text into a separate list, and initializing the result to an empty string. After that, iterate through all positions of the original text.…Introductory: The Caesar Cipher technique is one of the earliest and simplest methods of encryption techniques. It is simply a type of substitution cipher, i.e., each letter of a given text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. The method is apparently named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his officials. Thus, to cipher a given text we need an integer value, known as a shift which indicates the number of positions each letter of the text has been moved down. The encryption can be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1 ,…, Z = 25. Encryption of a letter by a shift n can be described mathematically as. En(x) = (x+n) mod 26 (Encryption Phase with shift n) Write an algorithm and implement a program in C to read the data from a file (called…
- Text Encryption Encryption plays an important role in protecting messages that are transmitted across the network. There are many symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques that can be used in order to encrypt text messages. Some of these techniques are Caesar, Rows-Columns Transposition, Rail- fence, and Playfair cipher encryption as well as advance encryption algorithms. In this project, you are required to write a code that is capable of encrypting any given text (or text file) into a cipher text using any two different methods. You should prompt the user to choose the method that they would like to encrypt their text from a given list. Challenge: develop your code to decrypt the cipher text that is encrypted above Example: Assume the text TO SERVE AND TO PROTECT is required to be encrypted using Row-Column with the password ALERT Then the text message in Rows-Columns Transposition will become: TVTTSAPCOEOEENRTRDOX. The same text message in Rail-fence with depth of 4 would…Revorse the vewels def reverse vowele(text): Given a text string, create and return a new string constructed by finding all its vowels (in this problem, 'aeiouAEIOU') and reversing their order, while keeping all other characters exactly as they were in their original positions. Furthermore, the capitalization of each position must remain the same as it was in the original text. For example, reversing the vowels of 'Ilkka' should produce 'Alkki' instead of 'alkkI'. Results of applying this operation to perfectly ordinary English sentences often comically resemble pig latin imitations of other languages. Along with many possible ways to perform this dance, one straightforward way to reverse the vowels starts by appending the vowels of text into a separate list, and initializing the result to an empty string. Then, loop through all characters of the original text. Whenever the current character is a vowel, pop one from the end of the list of the vowels. Convert that vowel to either upper-…Program Specifications: Your task is to write a program that can decrypt a message that has been encoded using a Caesarcipher. Stated another way, you need to find the “shift” for the cipher. Once you have the shift,you know the mapping so you can decrypt the message. the encryption code. use python. def encrypt(text, r): #abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzresult = ''for i in range(len(text)): # Hello Khoorchar = text[i]if char.isupper():result = result + chr((ord(char) + r - 65 ) % 26 + 65)else:result = result + chr((ord(char) + r - 97) % 26 + 97)return result while True:msg = input("\n\tEnter a String / message e.g. Today is Thursday ")rotation = int(input("\n\tEnter number of rotation e.g. 3 "))print("\n\tOriginal Message is==> ",msg," with rotation ",rotation, " The CypherText ", encrypt(msg,rotation)) No hand written and fast answer with explanation
- Write a python program that scans in a large number of tweets from a file, and prints the top 5 hashtags. Approach Parse each word in the file Find a way to isolate the hashtags from the rest of the tweet Compute the frequency of each unique hashtag. Find the top 5 hashtags. Caveats 1. Because this is public dataset, there are many tweets that use special characters that may cause issues during reading in your file. To avoid this, explicitly specify the encoding mode in open when reading in the file. with open('twitter_data.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8') as f: 2. When parsing hashtags be sure to change everything to lowercase. There are cases in the file where two hashtags are the same but differ in case. 3. There is no standard way of sorting a dictionary based on the values. Python gives you access to a sorted function where you can pass in a collection and also specify a comparator which outlines how you want to sort the values. This can be done with a one line lambda function.In this exercise you will design and implement a simple encryption program that can either encrypt or decrypt a string of text by following the steps below. Create a dictionary dict that maps each (lower case) character of the basic Latin alphabet to another. Make sure no one letter is mapped to itself. Do not use a simple ordering, such as reversing the alphabet. This will act as your cipher. Your program should be able to ask user for a text and encrypt it. Your program will take each character in the string and swap it with the corresponding character from the cipher, print the encrypted text. Your program should be able to decrypt encrypted text as well. It should perform the opposite operation as the encrypt does. Print the decrypted text. Create a loop that asks if the user would like to encrypt some text, decrypt some cipher text, or exit the program. Perform the operation the user selects, printing the computed text if applicable.Implement the fix_capitalization() function. fix_capitalization() has a string parameter and returns an updated string, where lowercase letters at the beginning of sentences are replaced with uppercase letters. fix_capitalization() also returns the number of letters that have been capitalized. Call fix_capitalization() in the print_menu() function, and then output the edited string followed by the number of letters capitalized. Hint 1: Look up and use Python functions .islower() and .upper() to complete this task. Hint 2: Create an empty string and use string concatenation to make edits to the string. Ex: Number of letters capitalized: 2
- Using C++ Comments are very helpful If header files are added please provide them The Caesar cipher is one of the earliest known and simplest ciphers. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is 'shifted' a certain number of places down the alphabet. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T H E L L O W O R L D Normal Text B Y F F I Q I R M X Encrypted Text You are tasked to create an encryption program which takes a key word. The keyword will fill the first part of the shifted array. The remaining letters will fill the end of the array. It should look like this: Key=”TOY A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z T O Y A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S U V W X Z You should have an interactive menu with the following options: 1…1. a) Implement Playfair Cipher to get the ciphertext. Here, plaintext and key is given. Plaintext = "i will miss leading university", Key = "CSE".Javascript Use a for/of loop to iterate over the array of students. For each student, use a template literal to print out their name, age, and major in a formatted string. (e.g. John is 18 years old and is studying Computer Science.) Within the template literal, use object dot notation to access the name, age, and major properties of the student object. Use a console.log() to print out the formatted string for each student. Test the code by running it and verifying that it prints out the details of each student in a formatted string.============================================================================== const students = [ { name: "John", age: 18, major: "Computer Science" }, { name: "Newton", age: 19, major: "Mathematics" }, { name: "Barry", age: 20, major: "Physics" }, ]; // Iterate through the array of objects students using for/of // Print a message to the console that includes the student's name, age, and major // Example: John is 18 years old and…