Primary and Secondary Transport Artificial membrane vesicles created in a laboratory were placed in series of aqueous solutions to test primary and secondary active transport systems. The researchers tested a H*/glucose symporter in a variety of conditions and in the presence and absence of a H*-pump. They then measured the internal glucose concentrations. Check all those systems where glucose concentrations are expected to increase. Check All That Apply pH 5.0 0.5 mM Glucose pH 7.0 5 mM ATP 5mM Glucose pH 5.0 0.5 mM Glucose pH 70 0 mM ATP 5 mM Glucose Glucose > Glucose

Primary and Secondary Transport Artificial membrane vesicles created in a laboratory were placed in series of aqueous solutions to test primary and secondary active transport systems. The researchers tested a H/glucose symporter in a variety of conditions and in the presence and absence of a H-pump. They then measured the internal glucose concentrations. Check all those systems where glucose concentrations are expected to increase. Check All That Apply pH 5.0 0.5 mM Glucose pH 7.0 5 mM ATP 5mM Glucose pH 5.0 0.5 mM Glucose pH 70 0 mM ATP 5 mM Glucose Glucose > Glucose

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQE: One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma...

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Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?
The data below were collected during a passive membrane transport experiment where two solutes (A and B) were evaluated relative to their separate transport proteins. Transport rate (mmol/min) 0.3 Solute A Solute B Transport rate [S] mM [S] mM (mmol/min) 2.0 2.0 0.5 4.0 0.7 4.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 6.0 1.4 8.0 1.3 8.0 1.6 10.0 1.5 10.0 1.7 12.0 1.7 12.0 1.8 14.0 1.9 14.0 1.9 16.0 2.0 16.0 2.0 18.0 2.0 18.0 2.0 4. Identify the Km for Solute B. Your answer must include the number with one decimal (similar to the numbers in the table) followed by a space and then the units 5. Which transport protein is present in the highest concentration? 6. Which ligand has the greatest affinity for its protein?
Number of glucose carrier proteins in membrane Glucose diffusion rate (mM/sec) 300 0.0015 500 0.0023 700 0.0031 900 0.0040 How does increasing the number of glucose carrier proteins affect glucose diffusion rate?
rate of transport Vmax 1/2Vmax transporter-mecated diffusion Km simple diffusion concentration of transported molecule The graph at left shows rates of movement across a cell membrane for a substance that uses simple diffusion (green) and a transport mechanism (red). Which of the following is TRUE about the transporters at the point shown by the arrow? A. The transporter proteins are operating more slowly than at lower concentrations. B. The transporter proteins are operating as fast as possible. C. The transporters proteins shut off at that concentration. D. The rate slows because transporter proteins run out of ATP.
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Transport by transporters can be either active orpassive, whereas transport by channels is always passive.2 Transporters saturate at high concentrations ofthe transported molecule when all their binding sites areoccupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind theions they transport and thus the flux of ions through achannel does not saturate.3 The membrane potential arises from movementsof charge that leave ion concentrations practically unaf-fected, causing only a very slight discrepancy in the num-ber of positive and negative ions on the two sides of themembrane.
Compare and contrast the different transport mechanisms: Electrochemical gradient Carrier-Mediated/Not Metabolic Energy Na+ Gradient Inhibition of Na-K Pump
Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104- to 105-fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanistic difference results in this large difference in transport rate? What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?
the sodium channel exchanger NCX transports sodium into and calcium out of cardiac muscle cells. Describe why this itransporter is classified as secondary active transport?
In Chapters 11 & 12, the following examples of membrane transport proteins are given. Fill out the table with the correct answer for that particular transport protein. Type of transport protein (channel or carrier/transporter?) K* leak channel glucose transporter bacteriorhodopsin Na-K pump glucose-Na symport Na-H exchanger Performs active or passive transport? Energy source for movement of solute(s) or ion(s) Direction of movement of solute(s) or ion(s) with respect to the electrochemical gradient Na K* Na glucose Na H' Direction of movement of solute(s) or ion(s) with respect to the membrane crossed Na K₁ Na' glucose Na H' Is the protein a uniport, symport, antiport, or none of the above?
Molecules cannot move naturally through tje selmembrane against its diffusion gradient,but it does.Explain this statement critically using the sodium-potassium pump diagram
The average time it takes for a molecule to diffuse adistance of x cm is given byt = x2/2D where t is the time in seconds and D is the diffusioncoefficient. Given that the diffusion coefficient ofglucose is 5.7 × 10−7cm2/s, calculate the time it wouldtake for a glucose molecule to diffuse 10 μm, which isroughly the size of a cell.