Patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and require mechanical ventilation can develop fatal bacterial infections. A clinical trial randomly assigned to two groups 934 patients who were admitted to an ICU and required mechanical ventilation. The control group received a standard medical treatment, whereas the antibiotics group received antibiotics prophylactically in addition to standard treatment. The study found that 107 of the 468 patients in the control group died, compared with 69 of the 466 patients in the antibiotics group. 1) What are the odds of dying in each of the two groups? 2) Compute the odds ratio for death. 3)Use the above information to compute the equation of the logistic regression model if the indicator variable x equals 0 for the control group and 1 for the antibiotics group.
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- In a clinical trial of 2029 subjects treated with a certain drug, 22 reported headaches. In a control group of 1572 subjects given a placebo, 26 reported headaches. Denoting the proportion of headaches in the treatment group by pt and denoting the proportion of headaches in the control (placebo) group by pc, the relative risk is pt/pc. The relative risk is a measure of the strength of the effect of the drug treatment. Another such measure is the odds ratio, which is the ratio of the odds in favor of a headache for the treatment group to the odds in favor of a headache for the control (placebo) group, found by evaluating StartFraction p Subscript t Baseline divided by left parenthesis 1 minus p Subscript t Baseline right parenthesis Over p Subscript c Baseline divided by left parenthesis 1 minus p Subscript c Baseline right parenthesis EndFractionpt/1−ptpc/1−pc. The relative risk and odds ratios are commonly used in medicine and epidemiological studies. Find the relative risk and…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 34 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 44 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 34 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 44% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Although arsenic is known to be a poison, it also has some beneficial medicinal uses. In one study of the use of arsenic to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a rare type if blood cancer, APL patients were given an arsenic compound as part of their treatment. Of those receiving arsenic, 32% were in remission and showed no signs of leukemia in subsequent examination. It is known that 18% of APL patients go into remission after conventional treatment. Suppose that the study had included 100 randomly selected patients. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion in remission for the arsenic treatment is greater than 0.18, the remission proportion for conventional treatment? a. Test the hypothesis at the 0.01 significance level. b. Construct and interpret a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of APL patients who go into remission after using arsenic. Does the inference drawn from this interval match the conclusion from the test that you did in part…The impact of a low-calorie diet on laboratory mice's longevity is being investigated by a medical researcher. Twenty mice are split into two groups (E and F) by random. A typical diet is given to Group E, while Group F is given a diet that only contains 70% as many calories as Group E's diet. The length of life (in days) of each mouse over the 36-month trial is documented. Table 2 provides the data that was obtained. The symbol of double star (**) signifies that the mouse was still alive at the end of the investigation. (a) (b) (c) Table 2: The length of life (in days) of each mouse Group E 900 907 751 833 920 787 830 877 848 901 Group F 1037 905 1023 988 1078 1011 ** 1063 898 1033 State a suitable null and alternative hypotheses for the problem. At 5% significance level, test the hypotheses in part (a) by using an appropriate nonparametric test. Write your conclusion.
- In a clinical trial of 2022 subjects treated with a certain drug, 21 reported headaches. In a control group of 1745 subjects given a placebo, 24 reported headaches. Denoting the proportion of headaches in the treatment group by p, and denoting the proportion of headaches in the control (placebo) group by pe, the relative risk is p/pe. The relative risk is a measure of the strength of the effect of the drug treatment. Another such measure is the odds ratio, which is the ratio of the odds in favor of a headache for the treatment group to the odds in favor of a headache for the control (placebo) group, found by evaluating Pt/(1-Pt) The relative risk and odds ratios are commonly used in medicine and epidemiological studies. Find the relative risk and odds ratio for the Pc/(1-Pc) headache data. What do the results suggest about the risk of a headache from the drug treatment? Find the relative risk for the headache data. The relative risk = (Round to three decimal places as needed.)A group of disabled women ages 65 and older were followed for several years. It was found that those who had a vitamin B12 deficiency were twice as likely to suffer from severe depressions than those who did not.a. Describe the type of study being performed.b. Describe the explanatory variable(s) and response variable(s).In a clinical trial of 2198 subjects treated with a certain drug, 26 reported headaches. In a control group of 1661 subjects given a placebo, 22 reported headaches. Denoting the proportion of headaches in the treatment group by p, and denoting the proportion of headaches in the control (placebo) group by Pc the relative risk is p/pc. The relative risk is a measure of the strength of the effect of the drug treatment. Another such measure is the odds ratio, which is the ratio of the odds in favor of a headache for the treatment group to the odds in favor of a headache for the control (placebo) group, found by evaluating . The relative risk and odds ratios are commonly used in medicine and epidemiological studies. Find the relative risk and odds ratio for the headache data. What do the results suggest about the risk of a headache from the drug treatment? Pt/(1-Pt) Pc/(1-Pc)