One half of a kilogram of liquid water at 273 K (0 °C) is placed outside on a day when the temperature is 261K (-12 °C). Assume that the heat is lost from the water only by means of radiation and that the emissivity of the radiating surface is 0.600. Consider two cases: when the surface area of the water is (a) 0.035 m² (as it might be in a cup) and (b) 1.5 m² (as it could be if the water were spilled out to form a thin sheet). For each case. (a) and (b), determine the time it takes the water to freeze into ice at 0°C. (a) Number (b) Number 154 Units Units

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One half of a kilogram of liquid water at 273 K (0 °C) is placed outside on a day when the temperature is 261 K (-12 °C). Assume that
the heat is lost from the water only by means of radiation and that the emissivity of the radiating surface is 0.600. Consider two cases:
when the surface area of the water is (a) 0.035 m² (as it might be in a cup) and (b) 1.5 m² (as it could be if the water were spilled out to
form a thin sheet). For each case, (a) and (b), determine the time it takes the water to freeze into ice at 0°C.
(a) Number i
(b) Number
Units
Units
S
Transcribed Image Text:One half of a kilogram of liquid water at 273 K (0 °C) is placed outside on a day when the temperature is 261 K (-12 °C). Assume that the heat is lost from the water only by means of radiation and that the emissivity of the radiating surface is 0.600. Consider two cases: when the surface area of the water is (a) 0.035 m² (as it might be in a cup) and (b) 1.5 m² (as it could be if the water were spilled out to form a thin sheet). For each case, (a) and (b), determine the time it takes the water to freeze into ice at 0°C. (a) Number i (b) Number Units Units S
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