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- A TCP message consisting of 2100 bytes is passed to IP for delivery across two networks. The first network can carry a maximum payload of 1200 bytes per frame and the second network can carry a maximum payload of 400 bytes per frame, excluding network overhead. Assume that IP overhead per packet is 20 bytes. what is the total IP overhead in the second network for this transmission.The maximum packet size (Maximum Transmission Unit or MTU) of an IP packet including IPv4 header on 100 Mbps Ethernet is usually set at 1500 bytes. A typical IPv4 header consists of 20 bytes, and a UDP header consists of 8 bytes. If we split up a file of 20,000,000 bytes so we can send it as a series of UDP payloads, how many IP packets do we have to send in order to transfer the entire file? Enter an integer number without formatting (no commas). Answer:The maximum packet size (Maximum Transmission Unit or MTU) of an IP packet including IPv4 header on 100 Mbps Ethernet is usually set at 1500 bytes. A typical IPv4 header consists of 20 bytes, and a UDP header consists of 8 bytes. If we split up a file of 20,000,000 bytes so we can send it as a series of UDP payloads, how many IP packets do we have to send in order to transfer the entire file? Enter an integer number without formatting (no commas). Answer: The MTU for IP packets on 100 Mbps Ethernet is typically set to 1500 bytes. A typical IPv4 header consists of 20 bytes, and a UDP header consists of 8 bytes. If we split up a file of 25,000,000 bytes so we can send it as a series of UDP payloads, how many bytes do we have to send at the network layer in order to transfer the entire file? Enter an integer number (no commas). Answer: You are sending a 27,000,000 byte file using UDP over IP over an Ethernet with MTU 1500 bytes. The Ethernet header is 14 bytes and the frame checksum is 4…
- 3. A router is blasting out IP packets whose total length (data plus header) is 1024 bytes. Assuming that packets live for 10 sec, what is the maximum line speed the router can operate at without danger of cycling through the IP datagram ID number space?Consider two hosts P and Q connected through a router R. The maximum transfer unit (MTU) value of the link between Pand Ris 1500 bytes, and between Rand Qis 820 bytes. A TCP segment of size 1400 bytes was transferred from P to Q through R, with IP identification value as 0x1234. Assume that the IP header size is 20 bytes. Further, the packet is allowed to be fragmented, i.e., Don't Fragment (DF) flag in the IP header is not set by P, Which of the following statements is/are correct? (a) Two fragments are created at R and the IP datagram size carrying the second fragment is 620 bytes. (b) If the second fragment is lost, P is required to resend the whole TCP segment. (c) TCP destination port can be determined by analysing only the second fragment. (d) If the second fragment is lost, R will resend the fragment with the IP identification value 0x1234Let the two host X and Y connected via a packet switch with 107 bits per second links. Switch is placed at 50 km from X. X and Y are located at 100 Kilometer apart also the propagation speed along the link is 2 × 108 m/s. The switch begins forwarding a packet after 0.1 milliseconds it receives the packet. If 1000 bytes of File are needed to be transmitted and each packet size is 500 bytes, the time elapsed between the transmission of the first bit of data and the reception of the last bit of the data in millisecond is
- A 3200 bit long TCP message is transmitted to the IP layer and becomes a datagram after adding a 160 bit header. The following Internet is connected by two LANs through routers. But the data part of the longest data frame that the second LAN can transmit is only 1200 bits. Therefore, datagrams must be segmented in the router. How many bits of data does the second LAN transmit to its upper layer?A message consists of 500 bytes given to IP for delivery to destination. The first network carries an MTU of 200 Bytes. The 2nd packet takes different path with MTU of 110 Bytes. Assume that, IP overhead per packet is 20bytes. What is the fragmentation offset for the 2nd packet received by destination isA packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,200 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?
- 1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…Consider four Internet hosts, each with a TCP session. These four TCP sessions share a common bottleneck link - all packet loss on the end-to-end paths for these four sessions occurs at just this one link. The bottleneck link has a transmission rate of R. The round trip times, RTT, for all fours hosts to their destinations are approximately the same. No other sessions are currently using this link. The four sessions have been running for a long time. i) What is the approximate throughput of each of these four TCP sessions? Explain your answer briefly. ii) What is the approximate size of the TCP window at each of these hosts? Explain briefly how you arrived at this answer.2. Packet transmission. a. Consider a packet of length L that begins at end system A and travels over 2 links to a destination end system B. These two links are connected by one packet switch. Let d₁, S₁, and R₁ denote the length, propagation speed and transmission rate of link I, for i in {1, 2}. The packet switch delays each packet by dproc b. There is a queuing delay of 100 msec at the switch (but no queuing delay at A). The packet is 1500 bits in length, the propagation speed on all links is 2.5 x 108 m/sec, the transmission rate on both links is 1 Mbps, and the packet switch processing delay is 3 msec. The length of the first link is 4000 km and the second link is 1000 km. What is the end-to-end delay from A to B? c. The switch fails and is replaced. This changes the following information for the switch only. The packet switch processing delay is reduced from 3 msec to 2 msec, the queuing delay is reduced from 100 msec to 40 msec but the second transmission link increases to 8,500…