Neon and HF have approximately the same molecular mass. (a) Explain why the boiling point of Neon and HF differ. (b) Compare the change in the boiling points of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe with the change of the boiling points of HF, HCl, HBr, and HI, and explain the difference between the changes with increasing atomic or molecular mass.

Neon and HF have approximately the same molecular mass. (a) Explain why the boiling point of Neon and HF differ. (b) Compare the change in the boiling points of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe with the change of the boiling points of HF, HCl, HBr, and HI, and explain the difference between the changes with increasing atomic or molecular mass.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter9: Energy And Chemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9.46PAE: 9.46 The heat of fusion of pure silicon is 43.4 kJ/mol. How much energy would be needed to melt a...

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9.46 The heat of fusion of pure silicon is 43.4 kJ/mol. How much energy would be needed to melt a 5.24-g sample of silicon at its melting point of 1693 K?
Neon and HF have approximately the same molecular masses.(a) Explain why the boiling points of Neon and HF differ.(b) Compare the change in the boiling points of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe with the change of the boiling points of HF, HCl, HBr, and HI, and explain the difference between the changes with increasing atomic or molecular mass.
(1) The boiling temperature of water is 100 °C at 1 atm. Its evaporation enthalpy AH is 44 kJ/mol. Use Clausius-Clapeyron equation to calculate its boiling temperature at 0.8 atm.
A metal cylinder with a capacity of 6.0 L is filled with compressed propane (C3H8). The pressure and temperature of the cylinder when it was initially filled were 120 atm and 75 ◦C, respectively. The molar mass of carbon is 12 g·mol−1 and the molar mass of hydrogen is 1 g·mol−1. a) How many moles of propane are in the cylinder? b) What is the mass of the propane inside the cylinder? c) After some time, the cylinder and its contents cool to 25 ◦C. What is the pressure in the cylinder after it has cooled?
The later halogens form pentafluorides: ClF5, BrF5, andIF5. At 0°C, one of these is a solid, one a liquid, and one agas. Specify which is which, and explain your reasoning.
A greenhouse contains 256 m³ of air at a temperature of 26°C, and a humidifier in it vaporizes 4.20 L of water. (a) Whatis the pressure of water vapor in the greenhouse, assuming that none escapes and that the air was originally completely dry (dof H₂O =1.00 g/mL)? (b) What total volume of liquid water would have to be vaporized to saturate the air (i.e., achieve 100% rela-tive humidity)?
At standard temperature and pressure, the molar volumesof Cl2 and NH3 gases are 22.06 and 22.40 L, respectively.(a) Given the different molecular weights, dipole moments,and molecular shapes, why are their molar volumes nearlythe same? (b) On cooling to 160 K, both substances formcrystalline solids. Do you expect the molar volumes todecrease or increase on cooling the gases to 160 K? (c) Thedensities of crystalline Cl2 and NH3 at 160 K are 2.02 and0.84 g>cm3, respectively. Calculate their molar volumes.(d) Are the molar volumes in the solid state as similar asthey are in the gaseous state? Explain. (e) Would you expectthe molar volumes in the liquid state to be closer to thosein the solid or gaseous state?
A flask at room temperature contains equal numbers of di-nitrogen molecules and krypton atoms. (a) Which of the two gases exerts the higher partial pressure? (b) Which gas has a higher kinetic energy per molecule/atom? (c) Which gas has molecules with a higher velocity? Explain your answers.
The AHvap of xenon is 12.57 kJ · mol¬' and its ASvan is 76.15 J · mol¬1 . K-l. What it the boiling point of xenon? Th = °C
A 7.40 g sample of solid Ni(CN), ·4H,0 was heated such that the water turned to steam and was driven off. Assuming ideal behavior, what volume would that steam occupy at 1.00 bar and 100 °C? It may be useful to consult the periodic table. volume: L
The phase diagram of a hypothetical substance is (a) Estimate the normal boiling point and freezing point ofthe substance. (b) What is the physical state of the substanceunder the following conditions? (i) T = 150 K, P = 0.2 atm;(ii) T = 100 K, P = 0.8 atm; (iii) T = 300 K, P = 1.0 atm.(c) What is the triple point of the substance?
Consider two identical four-atom solids, one having 4 quanta of energy and the other having 10.(a) What observable property differs between these two solids?(b) Allow 3 quanta of energy to be transferred from the solid with 10 quanta to the solid with 4 quanta of energy. Determine whether this energy transfer is likely, explaining your reasoning.