Measles is caused by an extremely infectious virus. Use the herd immunity equation to calculate the proportion of the population that needs to be immune in order to effectively halt the spread of measles via herd immunity. The Ro of the measles virus is 18 and the vaccine is 97% effective. Enter your answer as a decimal, not as a percentage. Round to the nearest 4 decimal places (example: 0.3568). It is recommended you do not round between calculation steps.
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- Polio has a basic reproduction number (R0) = 5. The vaccine is very good; in fact, polio vaccine is 99% effective when two follow up booster shots are given. What proportion of a population needs to be vaccinated in order for herd immunity to be effective?SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious in humans than SARS because it has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 emerged from bats that were superspreaders. SARS-CoV-2 was derived from SARS by antigenic shift. There are more than 1 correct answers in the other choices if X number of SARS-CoV-2 particles would infect Y number of respiratory epithelial cells, higher (than X) number of SARS particles would be required to infect Y number of the same cells.Consider the formula in Section 3 of SimUText's How Diseases Spread that relates the critical immunization threshold, pc and the Basic Reproductive Number R0. Recall that the critical immunization threshold is the minimum proportion of the population that must be vaccinated to establish herd immunity; and The Basic Reproductive Number is the average number of individuals infected by an infected individual, if the whole population is susceptible. What happens to the critical immunization threshold as R0 gets larger (more individuals are infected by an infected individual)? Consider the formula in Section 3 of SimUText's How Diseases Spread that relates the critical immunization threshold, pcand the Basic Reproductive Number R0. Recall that the critical immunization threshold is the minimum proportion of the population that must be vaccinated to establish herd immunity; and The Basic Reproductive Number is the average number of individuals infected by an infected individual, if…
- Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Below is a graph showing the prevalence of cases of pertussis in England and Wales. Answer ALL of the following questions based on the graph. 1) What do the orange and the green lines signify? 2) Make TWO inferences on the relationship between the orange and the green lines. 3) Estimate within a 5-year span, the approximate time that a vaccine for pertussis became available.Based on the data trom Department of Health on March, 2022, 59.02% of the population in the Philippines are already vaccinated. Most epidemiologists estimate that between 40% to 70% of a population needed to be vaccinated to have herd immunity. Herd immunity, or community immunity, is when a large part of the population of an area is immune to a specific disease. How do vaccines help our immune system against the COVID-19 virus and how does having herd immunity important with our battle with the COVID-19 pandemic?Can a mouse infected with Bacillus anthracis generate antibodies against the S-layer? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/
- The SIR model for the spread of an infectious disease is used to predict the spread of a disease in a community. The variables are: S: Number of susceptible people, who are currently healthy but could get the disease I: Number f=of infected people Put S horizontally and I vertically. They are related by the following equations. S'=-0.0005SI I'=0.0005SI-0.05I What are the S-nullclines and the I-nullclines?Read the following study, construct the appropriate 2x2 table for evaluating a screening test, and calculate the listed statistics. Be sure to show your work. A new screening tool is being tested in European airports detect travelers who are suffering from a febrile rash illness in order to prevent passengers with measles from crossing into a different country. Three thousand (3,000) individuals were screened using this tool. All 3,000 individuals were also tested for measles using a laboratory test. There were 300 people who were positive using the screening test. There were 210 people who were positive for measles using the laboratory test. Among those with a positive laboratory test for measles, 20 tested negative with the screening tool (false negatives). 2x2 table + - Total + A B A+B - C D C+D Total A+C B+D A+B+C+D List the values for each cell: A, B, C, D, A+B, C+D, A+C, B+D, A+B+C+D Calculate the sensitivity of the test.…If these estimates are accurate and, for the sake of argument, let's say that the omicron variant has an Ro (R naught) of 4, what is - the minimum percentage of the population that will need to be immunized (or have immunity from catching the disease) to achieve herd immunity? 100- -Coverage Herd immunity Previously reported R, range 80- 60- 40- 20- '7'8'9'10' 11'12' 13' 14' 15 ' 16' 17 ' 18' 19' 20 Basic reproduction number (R) 50 75 35 85 105 (s) abesanos uogesunuu
- The vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b is called a conjugate vaccine. It is composed of the tetanus toxoid protein conjugated to the capsular polysaccharide of the H. influenzae type b bacteria. When used to vaccinate infants, the antibody response generated by this vaccine would include 0 0 0 0 antibodies that bind only to the protein-polysaccharide conjugate in the vaccine. antibodies to the tetanus toxoid only. antibodies to the bacterial polysaccharide and the tetanus toxoid. antibodies to the bacterial polysaccharide only.A few years ago researchers identified another protein involved in cell invasion by P. falciparum, Rh5. PfRh5 is required in red blood cell invasion. It binds to a specific protein (basigin) in red blood cell membranes and it shows almost no variation among P. falciparum strains. What part(s) of this story is/are important relative to our discussion on malaria vaccines? Option C: PfRh1 appears to be invariant All three of these observations (A-C) are crucial Option A: PfRh1 is required for cell invasion, i.e. no alternative pathways Option B: PfRh1 binds to basigin Options A and CThe attached image has the following Newick format: ((HIV-1 retropepsin:0.67441,(HIV-2 retropepsin:0.40370, Simian immunodeficiency:0.40370):0.27071):0.963537,(Bovine immunodeficiency:1.34405,Feline immunodeficiency:1.34405):0.295328); Examine the branch lengths. What do they tell you about the evolutionary time between the branch points?• Which branchings are more ancient and which are more recent?• What would you conclude about these immunodeficiency virus proteases, based on this small analysis?