Match each statements below with the appropriate letter from the replication fork diagram. 1. Removed by DNA polymerase 2. 5' end of template DNA 3. Activity of this enzyme creates Supercoils 4. Lagging strand 5. This enzyme catalyses phosphodiester bond formation
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- How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.The region of DNA, shown below, is being copied. Diagram what happens when the second GT repeat (newly synthesizing strand) slips out (loops out). Diagram what occurs in this and the next round of DNA replication. Describe the change in the DNA sequence that occurs due to this replication slippage. 5’TGCCAGTGTGT3’ACGGTCACACACACATGGAG5’Arrange the following to the correct sequence that shows the process of DNA replication. 1. Unwinding of DNA and formation of replication fork II. Proofreading of strands and replacing any errors during the synthesis. III. Synthesizing a new strand that matches the template, by extending the primer via the addition of the nucleotides to the 3' end. IV. Formation of semiconservative strands
- Fill in the blanks in the following statements about DNA replication. 3' Parental strand 5' 2. Then 3. The enzyme DNA daughter strand. 4. A binds with KEY CAGTGTAACGGTGA Adenine Guanine GTCAC LLLLL Cytosine Thymine 5' This represents DNA replication. 1. The replication bubble opens up as the hydrogen bonds between bases are broken by the enzyme Daughter strands Incoming nucleotide GTCACATTGCCACT GGTGA Parental strand 3' C binds with 5. What enzyme prevents recoiling of the DNA strand while synthesis is occurring? DE Segment 2 proteins keep the two helixes apart. adds the new nucleotides to the parental strand to produce the DNA polymerase -DNA nucleotide Segment 1 DNA polymerase ? Refer to the picture above and indicate your answers. 6. DNA polymerase is adding the nucleotides to the top strand continuously--that means the top strand is the (leading or lagging) strand. 7. The bottom strand has short segments which are added discontinuously. This is the (leading, lagging) strand.…Match these replication associated terms with the appropriate definition or function. L Separates DNA strands to expand the replication bubble. Uses template strand to synthesize complete RNA transcripts. II. DNA polymerase . Cleaves the bond between two adjacent nucleotides in a strand. III. Primase DNA consensus sequence at the 5' end of a gene where synthesis begins. IV. Ligase DNA sequence where replication will be initiated. V. V. Synthesizes leading and lagging strands. Helicase VIL Synthesizes RNA primers to initiate strand synthesis. origin VIL Covalently links the DNA backbones of Okazaki fragments.Some Processes Involved in DNA Replication 1. The replication origin is identified. 2. DNA primase builds RNA primer. 3. Okazaki fragments are spliced by DNA ligase. 4. Helicases bind and uncoil the DNA double helix. 5. RNA primer is the starting point for DNA polymerase. 6. DNA replication ends at the telomere where DNA codes for termination. 7. DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction in short segments called Okazaki fragments. The sequence in which the events numbered above occur during DNA replication of the lagging strand is , and
- DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Give the discussion of the entire procedureMatch the following descriptions with the enzymes involved in DNA replication. 1. Adds an RNA primer to begin elongation 2. Removes the RNA primer from the beginning of the newly constructed strands 3. Splices lagging strand segments 4. Cleaves the rung of the DNA double helix ladder Description: DNA DNA Helicase Primase Enzyme: Polymerase LigaseWhich statement about Okazaki fragments is true? Select one: O a. They are necessary because DNA polymerase can only build DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, so for one of the strands at each fork, the DNA polymerase can only build away from the fork. O b. They correct errors made during earlier phases of DNA replication. O c. They act as a primer that initiates DNA replication. O d. They prevent the ends of chromosomes from shortening with every replication. e. DNA polymerase doesn't need a primer to build these fragments.
- Please match the following enzymes with their correct functions. Primase, Gyrase, Ligase, Polymerase, Helicase, Topoisomerase 1.Unwinds DNA at the replication fork. 2.Makes and reseal breaks in the double-helical DNA to release the torque that builds up as a result of unwinding at the replication fork. 3.Synthesizes a short RNA to provide a 3’ -OH group for the attachment of DNA nucleotides. 4.Removed RNA primers and replace them with DNA. 5.Joins Okazaki fragments.Match Column A with Column B. unwinds the two DNA strands at the replication A. DNA Gyrase fork B. Primase stabilize ssDNA as it forms so it will not anneal C. Helicase to reform the double helix releases the tension (positive supercoils) ahead D. Single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSB) of the replication fork caused by the unwinding of the DNA helix E. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA v proofread the newly synthesized DNA v remove RNA in lagging strand initiates DNA synthesis by placing first RNA on the DNA template v removing errors in the newly synthesized DNA filing in the gaps in Lagging strand > >The diagram shows a model of DNA replication. The diagram points out a number of enzymes and protein factors involved in the process. If this cell were cancerous, a doctor might be using a chemotherapy drug to prevent the replication process from taking place. One such drug, topotecan, inhibits the topoisomerase enzyme from working. Based on the model, if topotecan is used, how will this affect the replication process? A: The hydrogen bonds between the bases will not break B: The double helix of the DNA molecule will not unwind C: It will prevent the addition if complementary nitrogen bases to the leading or lagging DNA strands D: It will prevent the addition of nitrogen bases due to instability of the single-stranded DNA chains
