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Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- MAIN IDEA: Eukaryotic cells have an extensive and dynamic framework called a cyto- skeleton. The cytoskeleton is used for cell shape, internal structure, movement, and cell division. Many cells are surrounded by and supported by a complex extracellular matrix and are able to interact with adjacent cells and the environment via cell junctions. 5. List three common components of microtubules and microfilaments.1. Identify features that are present in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. Select all that apply. 2. What part of all cells encases the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell interior and cell exterior? 3. What structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? 4. In plant cells, what structure lies just outside the cell membrane and provides strength and support to the plant cell? 5. What structure found in plant cells is an organelle for storing water and metabolites? 6. Identify the features common to all cells. 7. Identify the features present in animal cells.3. Cell structure & function Focusing on the FUNCTION of the cellular component, remind yourself of the cellular structures found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using the table below. Note: You will need to leverage your previous knowledge of your own human biology to fill-in some of fields in the “All others” column of the table.
- 2. Match Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description. A. Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes. B. Stack of membranes that packages chemicals. C. Membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus D. Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell. E Sac filled with digestive chemicals. Lysosome MRochondria Centriole Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoskeleton Ribosome Nuclear membrane Golgi apparatus Vesicle Nucleolus (Activity A continued on next page) don F. Structures that convert nutrients to energy. G. Passageways where chemicals are made. H. Everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane. 1. Structure that manufactures ribosomes. J. Structure that contains DNA and regulates genes. K. Package created by the Golgi apparatus. L. Small structure that synthesizes proteins. M. Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products. N. Tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape. sting is prohibited.1) Why can cell membranes be polar? What does polar mean? 2) What are the basic cytoskeletal components of a cell? What does an animal cell have that no other cell has in the cytoskeleton?Ch 6 – The Cell What is the difference between the light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope? Define the cell theory. Give examples of eukaryote cells. What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? List all the organelles of a eukaryote cell with their function. Describe the detailed structure of all eukaryote organelles. What is the difference between a plant cell and animal cell? List the organelles that are part of the endomembrane system. Describe how the organelles of the endomembrane system function as a factory of the cell. Describe the structure of the mitochondria and chloroplast. Which organelle has one layer of membrane? Which organelle has more than one layer (state how many layers) of membrane? List the 3 types of cytoskeleton. Give examples for each type. Describe the function of each type of cytoskeleton. Book: Biology (Campbell) 11 edition Urry. Cain. Wasserman. Minorsky. Reece
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzcTgrxMzZk facilitate a discussion on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Address the diversity in structure and function of the various organelles. Additionally, predict and discuss what would be the impact on a cell if specific organelles were dysfunctional in that cell.For each of the following scenarios please describe which part of the cell theory is supported by this evidence. Options: • • • Cells come from preexisting cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells 1. A botanist (plant scientists) named Schlieden studied a large variety of plant cells under the microscope and found that all plants were made of cells. Option 1 2. A scientist named Leeuwenhoek found that after studying a wide variety of organisms the smallest living organism he observed was made of only one cell. Option 1 3. A scientist named Virchow viewed cells under a microscope and found that cells would grow and split into new cells. Option 1 4. A zoologist (animal scientist) looked at a large amount of different animal tissues under a microscope and found that all animals are made of cells. Option 1 5. Robert Hooke studied cork and many other substances and found that they contained little square boxes he called cells. Option 1Biology 6 Cell Structure and Organelles Table Complete this table as you study. You may be assigned some structures/organelles to learn about in preparation for Found in Found in class. If so, come prepared to explain the role of those structures to your classmates. Some structures and organelles here have other component parts not explicitly listed but which you should include. For example, the cytoskeleton has multiple types of filaments with different functions. Prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? (Y/N) Organelle/Structure (Y/N) Functions and other notes of importance Found in Found in Prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? (Y/N) Organelle/Structure (Y/N) Notes on Structure and Function Fimbrae Cell wall Flagella Central vacuole Gap junctions Centrosome Glycocalyx Chloroplast Golgi apparatus Cilia Lysosome Microvilli Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Desmosomes Nucleoid Extracellular Matrix
- + 1. What are the components of the cytoskeleton in an animal cell? Fill in the table below to explain: Type of Cytoskeletal Structure Subunits and Shape Size (smallest, intermediate, largest) Function(s) Associated Motor Proteins Microtubules Intermediate Filaments n/a Microfilaments 0Match each organelle with its corresponding structure/function. [Each choice will be used exactly once.] DOD Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Lysosome Ribosome Nucleus 1. Made of rRNA and protein. A single membrane that is continuous with the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Large spherical structure surrounded by 2 membranes that are spanned by pores. Resembles a stack of pita bread; where each pita is a flattened membranous sac. Small spherical sac filled with hydrolytic enzymes. 2. 3. 4. 5.1. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 2. In your view, which cellular organelle is most important and why? 3. Why does a cell need a cell membrane? 4. What is the importance of three types of cytoskeletons a cell? 5. What are different types of cell junctions? What is their role?