II. Tests for LipidsA. Bromine TestTable 3. Results for Bromine test.SAMPLERanking of the number of drops of Bromine Degree of unsaturationOleic oilCoconut oilSoybean oil* Rank (1", 2nd, 3rd) – 1ª as the highest number of drops; 3d as the lowest number of drops** minimal, moderate, highestB. Acrolein TestTable 4. Results for the Acrolein test.INFERENCE**SAMPLEOleic oilCoconut oilBeef fatEgg yolkPungent odor or no observable result* positive or negative for glycerolOBSERVATIONc. Zak's TestTable 5. Results for Zak's test.SAMPLEOBSERVATIONINFERENCE*.Oleic oilCoconut oilEgg yolk* Purple product or no observable result* positive or negative for cholesterolD. SaponificationTable 6. Results for saponification.SAMPLEREMARKS*Soap suspension (Step 2)Purified soap (Step 3)Acid hydrolysis product of soap (Step 4)Rank (14, 2nd, 3rd) as to the estimated pH value -1 as the highest pH value; 3rd as the lowestpH value B. Acrolein Test for Glycerol1. Get 4 test tubes and label them as A (oleic acid), B (coconut oil), C (melted beeffat), and D (egg yolk).2. Place 5 drops of each sample (coconut oil, egg yolk, oleic acid, and beef fat/tallow)into the designated labelled test tubes.3. Add 1-2 crystals of potassium hydrogen sulfate.4. Gently heat each test tube, one at a time, over a flame, while vigorously shaking ituntil the evolution of fumes.5. Carefully smell the test tubes. A characteristic pungent odor of acrolein,resembling burnt hamburgers, indicates the presence of glycerol.(NOTE: Do not overheat the samples to avoid the adherence of a black residue inthe test tubes which is difficult to remove.)C. Zak's Test for Cholesterol1. Get 3 test tubes and label them as A (oleic acid), B (coconut oil), and C (egg yolk).2. Place 1 ml or 100 mg of the lipid samples into separate labeled test tubes.3. Add 1 ml of Zak's reagent.4. Tilt the test tubes to 45° and add 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid.5. Observe the test tubes. The appearance of a deep red color indicates the presenceof cholesterol.D. Saponification Test1. Place about 1 ml of oil into a test tube. Add 2% w/v sodium hydroxide dropwisewith continued shaking until it traces. Trace is the point at which the soap hasthickened and blended enough to have formed a stable emulsion. When themixture traces, it has formed soap.2. Pipet out the soap obtained from Step 1 and mix with distilled water until theentire solid has dissolved. This should make a little above 5 ml of soap solution.Test the pH of soap using pH paper.3. Salting out of soap. Add solid Nacl to the solution obtained in Step 2 above untilno more Nacl dissolves. Soaps can be forced out of the solution by dissolving NaClin the soap solution. This is a way of purifying soap from extra NaOH left from thesaponification process. Pipet out the soap again and mix with distilled water untilthe entire solid has dissolved. Test the pH using pH paper.4. Acid hydrolysis. Get about 1 ml of soap solution obtained in Step 2 and add 6 MHCI drop by drop until no more changes occur. Record your observations. Pipetout a small sample of the product and dissolve in distilled water. Test the pH usingрH раper.* Rank (1", 2nd, 3rd) as to the estimated pH value of the soap solution (Step 2), theproduct of the salting-out (Step 3), and the product of hydrolysis (Step 4): 1ª – thehighest pH value and 3rd – the lowest pH value

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II. Tests for LipidsA. Bromine TestTable 3. Results for Bromine test.SAMPLERanking of the number of drops of Bromine Degree of unsaturationOleic oilCoconut oilSoybean oil* Rank (1&#34;, 2nd, 3rd) – 1ª as the highest number of drops; 3d as the lowest number of drops** minimal, moderate, highestB. Acrolein TestTable 4. Results for the Acrolein test.INFERENCE**SAMPLEOleic oilCoconut oilBeef fatEgg yolkPungent odor or no observable result* positive or negative for glycerolOBSERVATIONc. Zak's TestTable 5. Results for Zak's test.SAMPLEOBSERVATIONINFERENCE*.Oleic oilCoconut oilEgg yolk* Purple product or no observable result* positive or negative for cholesterolD. SaponificationTable 6. Results for saponification.SAMPLEREMARKS*Soap suspension (Step 2)Purified soap (Step 3)Acid hydrolysis product of soap (Step 4)Rank (14, 2nd, 3rd) as to the estimated pH value -1 as the highest pH value; 3rd as the lowestpH value B. Acrolein Test for Glycerol1. Get 4 test tubes and label them as A (oleic acid), B (coconut oil), C (melted beeffat), and D (egg yolk).2. Place 5 drops of each sample (coconut oil, egg yolk, oleic acid, and beef fat/tallow)into the designated labelled test tubes.3. Add 1-2 crystals of potassium hydrogen sulfate.4. Gently heat each test tube, one at a time, over a flame, while vigorously shaking ituntil the evolution of fumes.5. Carefully smell the test tubes. A characteristic pungent odor of acrolein,resembling burnt hamburgers, indicates the presence of glycerol.(NOTE: Do not overheat the samples to avoid the adherence of a black residue inthe test tubes which is difficult to remove.)C. Zak's Test for Cholesterol1. Get 3 test tubes and label them as A (oleic acid), B (coconut oil), and C (egg yolk).2. Place 1 ml or 100 mg of the lipid samples into separate labeled test tubes.3. Add 1 ml of Zak's reagent.4. Tilt the test tubes to 45° and add 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid.5. Observe the test tubes. The appearance of a deep red color indicates the presenceof cholesterol.D. Saponification Test1. Place about 1 ml of oil into a test tube. Add 2% w/v sodium hydroxide dropwisewith continued shaking until it traces. Trace is the point at which the soap hasthickened and blended enough to have formed a stable emulsion. When themixture traces, it has formed soap.2. Pipet out the soap obtained from Step 1 and mix with distilled water until theentire solid has dissolved. This should make a little above 5 ml of soap solution.Test the pH of soap using pH paper.3. Salting out of soap. Add solid Nacl to the solution obtained in Step 2 above untilno more Nacl dissolves. Soaps can be forced out of the solution by dissolving NaClin the soap solution. This is a way of purifying soap from extra NaOH left from thesaponification process. Pipet out the soap again and mix with distilled water untilthe entire solid has dissolved. Test the pH using pH paper.4. Acid hydrolysis. Get about 1 ml of soap solution obtained in Step 2 and add 6 MHCI drop by drop until no more changes occur. Record your observations. Pipetout a small sample of the product and dissolve in distilled water. Test the pH usingрH раper.* Rank (1&#34;, 2nd, 3rd) as to the estimated pH value of the soap solution (Step 2), theproduct of the salting-out (Step 3), and the product of hydrolysis (Step 4): 1ª – thehighest pH value and 3rd – the lowest pH value

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