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- 10. Describe the procedure for viable plate count. counting count both living and dead cells? 11. Understand the standard bacterial growth curve and discuss what might be occurring in the culture at each stage. 12. What is flow cytometer? What is use of it? Device used for counting, Sorting, sizing and identifying cells in suspensi'on Chapter 8 1. What is metabolism? How do anabolic and catabolic process differ? Give examples of each. 2. What are enzymes, apoenzymes, holoenzymes, exoenzymes, endoenzymes, constitutive and regulated enzymes, induced and constitutive enzymes? How do they work inside the cell? How are enzyme reactions controlled? 3. Briefly describe how feedback inhibition works. 4. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 5. List input and output for glycolysis. Where does it occur in pro-karyotic cells and eukaryotic cells? 6. List input and output for the TCA cycle. Where does this cycle occur in the bacterial cell and in eukaryotic cells? 7. Describe the…a. If an egg salad sandwich sitting in a warm car for 4 hours develops 40,960bacterial cells, how many more cells would result in just one more generation? b. What would the cell count be after 4 hours if the initial bacterial dose was 100?c. What do your answers tell you about using clean techniques in food preparation and storage (other than esthetic considerations)?II. Cultural characteristics of yeasts. Below is the colony diameter for each yeast culture grown on PDA and AcA incubated at 35°C measured at Day 7. Yeast Culture 1.Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2. Schizosaccharomyces pombe 3. Rhodotolura rubra 4. Pichia fermentans 5. Kluyveromyces marxianus 6. Candida parapsilosis 7. Hansenula anomala Colony Diameter (mm) PDA 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.8 ACA 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.6 From the data presented above, what could you observe about the growth of the yeast cultures on PDA and AcA? Cite possible reasons behind this.
- A. iMAGE 1 1. What is a special characteristic of the microorganism shown? CHOICES: A.It shows colonies in clusters. ,B.It's movement is aided by its, C.monotrichous flagella., D.It's cells occur in pairs., E.It contains a waxy lipid on its walls., F.It has an endoflagella. ,GIt contains an endospore., H.It shows colonies in chains. I.It's movement is aided by its peritrichous flagella. J. It is eukaryotic. 2. What staining method is done? CHOICES: A. Ziehl-Neelsen Stain, B. Schaeffer C. Fulton Stain, D. Flagella Stain, E. Gram Stain, F. KOH MounT 3.How do you describe the shape of the microorganism ? CHOICES:A. Filamentous B. Cocci ,C. possible ,D. Spirochete, E. Bacilli ,F. Pleomorphic 4. How do you describe the shape of the microorganism? CHOICES:A. Staphylococcus aureus ,B. Vibrio cholerae, C. Leptospira interrogans, D. Escherichia coli ,E. Malassezia furfur ,F. Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,G. Streptococcus pyogenes , H. Bacillus anthracis, I. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5. What could…Plateau Phase Death Lag Phase Exponential Growth Phase Phase Fen ve cels Many ive cets Dead cells 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Hours Consider the above figure which depicts the growth curve of microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Now, reflect upon the components which make up the growth medium used to cultivate yeast. Whilst the growth medium was being made, the component which provides a source of energy for yeast was omitted. VWhat component was left out? What effect will this have on the growth curve phases and the rate at which they occur, especially in regard to the 'Exponential Growth' phase of the yeast? Loganmm/10of Vahie Cels4) Draw a typical bacterial growth curve. Label the stages of growth and the axis of the graph.
- 12Bacterial growth can be measured a. Directly by counting bacterial cells b. Indirectly by measurement of cell activity without actually counting cells c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor BDescribe the following phases of the bacterial growth curve and draw them out:a. Lag phaseb. Logarithmic phasec. Stationary phased. Decline/death phase13. A certain bacteria can grow 10-fold every 3 hours. If there are 500 bacteria now, express number of bacteria "n" as a function of elapsed time in hours. a) Determine the equation of bacteria growth as a function of time. b) Draw a chart with intervals of 3 hours, where 0 Shs 18.
- Which of the following is not true or related to bacterial capsule formation A. Rigid and attached tightly to the cell wall B. Loose and weakly associated with bacterial cell wall. C. Capsule formation is associated with virulence of pathogenic bacteria D. Capsule provides resistance to survive through harsh conditionsAn organism is a mixotroph loses its plastids, it survives because of which reason; 1. It has an endospore and becomes dormant until conditions improve 2. It has photosynthesis by membranes present in the cytoplasm 3. since it is also a heterotroph engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption for nutrition 4. uses mitochondria that acquite after loosing its plastidsA bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining? Group of answer choices A. fimbriae B. pili C. an endospore D. a flagellum
